采用Cu, Al, Zn和Be的高级抗失光泽银合金:成分优化和表面钝化

IF 8.7 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Harsha Kozhakkattil , Mukaddar Sk , Ranjit Thapa , G.S. VinodKumar
{"title":"采用Cu, Al, Zn和Be的高级抗失光泽银合金:成分优化和表面钝化","authors":"Harsha Kozhakkattil ,&nbsp;Mukaddar Sk ,&nbsp;Ranjit Thapa ,&nbsp;G.S. VinodKumar","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100799","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel class of tarnish-resistant silver alloys containing Cu, Al, Zn, and Be was developed. While Cu is a conventional alloying element in sterling silver (Ag-7.5 wt. %Cu), the addition of Al, Zn, and Be was aimed at forming stable surface oxides to inhibit Ag₂S formation that tarnishes silver alloy surface. The silver alloys produced were subjected to Passivation Heat Treatment (PHT) under oxygen atmosphere, promoting the formation of protective oxide layers. The XRD, SEM/EDX, and XPS characterization confirmed the formation of oxides contributing to tarnish resistance. Accelerated tarnish tests and UV–Visible reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be alloy exhibited strong resistance to tarnishing, having maximum reflectance values in the range of 60–70 %. The trace addition of Be was pivotal in controlling oxidation by creating a barrier for the diffusion of oxygen during PHT, preventing CuO related fire stains and ensuring tarnish resistance. The adsorption energy ratios of sulphur and oxygen of the silver alloys were studied computationally. The lower value of the ratio is implicative of a preference for oxidation over sulphidation. The value obtained is 0.373 for Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be, which is the least, and it is due to the presence of appropriate amounts of Zn, Al, and Be in the composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Advanced tarnish-resistant silver alloys using Cu, Al, Zn, and Be: composition optimization and surface passivation\",\"authors\":\"Harsha Kozhakkattil ,&nbsp;Mukaddar Sk ,&nbsp;Ranjit Thapa ,&nbsp;G.S. VinodKumar\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100799\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>A novel class of tarnish-resistant silver alloys containing Cu, Al, Zn, and Be was developed. While Cu is a conventional alloying element in sterling silver (Ag-7.5 wt. %Cu), the addition of Al, Zn, and Be was aimed at forming stable surface oxides to inhibit Ag₂S formation that tarnishes silver alloy surface. The silver alloys produced were subjected to Passivation Heat Treatment (PHT) under oxygen atmosphere, promoting the formation of protective oxide layers. The XRD, SEM/EDX, and XPS characterization confirmed the formation of oxides contributing to tarnish resistance. Accelerated tarnish tests and UV–Visible reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be alloy exhibited strong resistance to tarnishing, having maximum reflectance values in the range of 60–70 %. The trace addition of Be was pivotal in controlling oxidation by creating a barrier for the diffusion of oxygen during PHT, preventing CuO related fire stains and ensuring tarnish resistance. The adsorption energy ratios of sulphur and oxygen of the silver alloys were studied computationally. The lower value of the ratio is implicative of a preference for oxidation over sulphidation. The value obtained is 0.373 for Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be, which is the least, and it is due to the presence of appropriate amounts of Zn, Al, and Be in the composition.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":34303,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Surface Science Advances\",\"volume\":\"28 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100799\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Surface Science Advances\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925001072\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Surface Science Advances","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925001072","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

研制了一种新型的含Cu、Al、Zn、Be的抗失光泽银合金。虽然Cu是纯银(Ag-7.5 wt. %Cu)中的常规合金元素,但添加Al、Zn和Be的目的是形成稳定的表面氧化物,以抑制银合金表面失去光泽的Ag₂S的形成。制备的银合金在氧气气氛下进行钝化热处理,促进氧化层的形成。XRD, SEM/EDX和XPS表征证实了氧化物的形成有助于抗变色。加速失光泽试验和紫外-可见反射率光谱表明,Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be合金具有较强的抗失光泽性,最大反射率在60 - 70%之间。在PHT过程中,微量Be的添加在控制氧化过程中起到了关键作用,它为氧气的扩散创造了屏障,防止了CuO相关的火渍,并确保了耐污性。计算研究了银合金对硫和氧的吸附能比。该比值的较低值暗示了氧化作用比硫化作用更重要。Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be的值最小,为0.373,这是由于成分中存在适量的Zn、Al和Be。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Advanced tarnish-resistant silver alloys using Cu, Al, Zn, and Be: composition optimization and surface passivation

Advanced tarnish-resistant silver alloys using Cu, Al, Zn, and Be: composition optimization and surface passivation
A novel class of tarnish-resistant silver alloys containing Cu, Al, Zn, and Be was developed. While Cu is a conventional alloying element in sterling silver (Ag-7.5 wt. %Cu), the addition of Al, Zn, and Be was aimed at forming stable surface oxides to inhibit Ag₂S formation that tarnishes silver alloy surface. The silver alloys produced were subjected to Passivation Heat Treatment (PHT) under oxygen atmosphere, promoting the formation of protective oxide layers. The XRD, SEM/EDX, and XPS characterization confirmed the formation of oxides contributing to tarnish resistance. Accelerated tarnish tests and UV–Visible reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be alloy exhibited strong resistance to tarnishing, having maximum reflectance values in the range of 60–70 %. The trace addition of Be was pivotal in controlling oxidation by creating a barrier for the diffusion of oxygen during PHT, preventing CuO related fire stains and ensuring tarnish resistance. The adsorption energy ratios of sulphur and oxygen of the silver alloys were studied computationally. The lower value of the ratio is implicative of a preference for oxidation over sulphidation. The value obtained is 0.373 for Ag-3.5Cu-2Zn-1.9Al-0.1Be, which is the least, and it is due to the presence of appropriate amounts of Zn, Al, and Be in the composition.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
1.60%
发文量
128
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍:
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信