Clinicopathological and prognosis analysis of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A dual-center retrospective study

Background

The precise clinical features and prognosis of IPNB remain challenging to define. More research is needed to enhance understanding of the disease.

Methods

The study retrospectively analyzes the clinical data of 123 patients with IPNB from two medical centers during January 2013 and May 2024. The clinicopathological characteristics of IPNB were compared across subgroups. Risk factors for invasive IPNB and survival predictors of IPNB were identified by regression analysis. The prognosis of patients with IPNB was evaluated through survival and recurrence analysis.

Result

The majority of tumors (51.2 %) were located in the extrahepatic bile ducts, 42.3 % were in the intrahepatic bile ducts, and 6.5 % exhibited diffuse distribution. 23 patients (18.7 %) were diagnosed with low-grade dysplasia, 41 patients (33.3 %) were diagnosed with high-grade dysplasia, and the remaining 59 patients (48.0 %) were diagnosed with invasive carcinomas. Mucin secretion was observed in 33.3 % of cases. Focal bile duct wall thickening and pancreaticobiliary maljunction were identified as independent risk factors for invasive IPNB. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.4 %, 77.2 %, and 70.1 %, respectively. For all IPNB patients, the extrahepatic type and presence of invasive carcinoma were independent predictors of survival. In invasive IPNB, the extrahepatic type, local invasion, and vascular invasion were associated with worse survival.

Conclusion

The clinicopathological features of IPNB exhibited significant heterogeneity across subgroups. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are critical for optimizing patients’ long-term outcomes.