Characteristic mode analysis of electromagnetic interference susceptibility in motor driven unmanned drones for enhanced design and performance.

The rapid advancement of portable device technology, especially in the realms of drones and motor-driven systems, underscores the critical need for thorough analysis of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to guarantee operational reliability and safety. These systems' vulnerability to EMI can result in diminished performance and heightened safety concerns, making it essential to evaluate their susceptibility. This research explores how brushless and brushed motors respond to EMI through Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA), pinpointing significant frequency modes-2.1 GHz, 2.92 GHz, and 2.98 GHz-that impact motor functionality differently, with Mode 1 at 2.1 GHz being the most significant. Due to constraints in testing capabilities, the study focused on radiation exposure at 2.45 GHz. Experiments conducted with a 22 kW electromagnetic source revealed that as the motor neared the source, disruptions increased, culminating in total motor failure at a distance of 0.6 m. Additionally, the extensive wiring connected to the motor intensified damage by inducing extra currents, thereby amplifying the motor's susceptibility beyond that of direct radiation exposure. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of CMA in forecasting EMI effects and offer critical insights into the vulnerabilities present in motor-driven systems. By identifying the relevant radiation frequency, pattern, and power density that contribute to component damage, proactive measures can be taken to shield electronic components from adverse environmental conditions characterized by these factors.