与使用二乙基胺有关的死亡,重点是联合王国:系统审查和病例系列报告。

IF 5.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
John Martin Corkery, Caroline Copeland, Fabrizio Schifano
{"title":"与使用二乙基胺有关的死亡,重点是联合王国:系统审查和病例系列报告。","authors":"John Martin Corkery, Caroline Copeland, Fabrizio Schifano","doi":"10.1177/02698811251349203","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarylethylamine drugs possess dissociative properties. These emerged as drugs of misuse, with reports of strong addictive potential, high tolerance and compulsive intake.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Since one of these drugs, diphenidine, was added to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the United Kingdom (UK) had to consider its control. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs 2023 advice included toxicity and mortality involving this and related molecules. Relevant mortality data were collated to understand the international and UK situations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was employed: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar searches were conducted on 29/30 August 2022 using the terms 'overdose', 'death', 'fatal*', 'toxic*', 'poison*' with molecules' chemical names. UK Mortality Registers (MRs) provided statistical data. The Scottish MR and National Programme on Substance Use Mortality provided case-level information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies were identified. Most decedents were male. The mean death age was 35.3 (range: 17-55) years. Death was commonly from polysubstance poisoning. Globally, 48 deaths involved these drugs (Europe <i>n</i> = 40). Of these, 37 occurred in the UK in 2014-2019. Key characteristics were as follows: male (91%); White (95%), mean age 37.2 (range: 19-65) years; drug use history (72%). Most deaths (89%) were accidental from acute drug toxicity (92%). Diphenidine/methoxyphenidine (MXP) was implicated with other substances (opioids/opiates, benzodiazepines, stimulants) in 66% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most deaths were accidental - thus preventable. One-third of deaths involved MXP/diphenidine alone - suggesting they are relatively toxic. Diarylethylamines deaths are rare. These molecules remain available - deaths could occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":16892,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2698811251349203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Deaths related to the use of diarylethylamines, with a focus on the United Kingdom: A systematic review and case series report.\",\"authors\":\"John Martin Corkery, Caroline Copeland, Fabrizio Schifano\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/02698811251349203\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarylethylamine drugs possess dissociative properties. These emerged as drugs of misuse, with reports of strong addictive potential, high tolerance and compulsive intake.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Since one of these drugs, diphenidine, was added to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the United Kingdom (UK) had to consider its control. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs 2023 advice included toxicity and mortality involving this and related molecules. Relevant mortality data were collated to understand the international and UK situations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was employed: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar searches were conducted on 29/30 August 2022 using the terms 'overdose', 'death', 'fatal*', 'toxic*', 'poison*' with molecules' chemical names. UK Mortality Registers (MRs) provided statistical data. The Scottish MR and National Programme on Substance Use Mortality provided case-level information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies were identified. Most decedents were male. The mean death age was 35.3 (range: 17-55) years. Death was commonly from polysubstance poisoning. Globally, 48 deaths involved these drugs (Europe <i>n</i> = 40). Of these, 37 occurred in the UK in 2014-2019. Key characteristics were as follows: male (91%); White (95%), mean age 37.2 (range: 19-65) years; drug use history (72%). Most deaths (89%) were accidental from acute drug toxicity (92%). Diphenidine/methoxyphenidine (MXP) was implicated with other substances (opioids/opiates, benzodiazepines, stimulants) in 66% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most deaths were accidental - thus preventable. One-third of deaths involved MXP/diphenidine alone - suggesting they are relatively toxic. Diarylethylamines deaths are rare. These molecules remain available - deaths could occur.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16892,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"2698811251349203\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Psychopharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251349203\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811251349203","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:二乙胺类药物具有解离性质。这些药物被误用,有很强的成瘾性、高耐受性和强迫性摄入的报告。目的:由于其中一种药物苯苯定被列入1971年《精神药物公约》,联合王国不得不考虑对其进行管制。2023年药物滥用咨询委员会的建议包括了这种分子和相关分子的毒性和死亡率。整理了相关的死亡率数据,以了解国际和英国的情况。方法:采用系统综述:于2022年8月29/30日在PubMed、Scopus和谷歌Scholar上进行检索,检索词为“过量”、“死亡”、“致命*”、“有毒*”、“毒药*”以及分子的化学名称。英国死亡率登记(MRs)提供了统计数据。苏格兰MR和国家药物使用死亡率方案提供了个案级信息。结果:确定了11项研究。大多数死者是男性。平均死亡年龄为35.3岁(17-55岁)。死亡主要是多物质中毒。在全球,48例死亡与这些药物有关(欧洲n = 40)。其中,2014-2019年有37起发生在英国。主要特征如下:男性(91%);白人(95%),平均年龄37.2岁(范围:19-65岁);药物使用史(72%)。大多数死亡(89%)是意外急性药物毒性(92%)。苯苯胺/甲氧基苯苯胺(MXP)在66%的病例中与其他物质(阿片类药物/阿片类药物、苯二氮卓类药物、兴奋剂)有关。结论:大多数死亡是意外的,因此是可以预防的。三分之一的死亡仅涉及MXP/苯苯胺,这表明它们具有相对毒性。二乙胺类致死率很低。这些分子仍然存在——死亡可能发生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Deaths related to the use of diarylethylamines, with a focus on the United Kingdom: A systematic review and case series report.

Background: Diarylethylamine drugs possess dissociative properties. These emerged as drugs of misuse, with reports of strong addictive potential, high tolerance and compulsive intake.

Aims: Since one of these drugs, diphenidine, was added to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the United Kingdom (UK) had to consider its control. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs 2023 advice included toxicity and mortality involving this and related molecules. Relevant mortality data were collated to understand the international and UK situations.

Methods: A systematic review was employed: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar searches were conducted on 29/30 August 2022 using the terms 'overdose', 'death', 'fatal*', 'toxic*', 'poison*' with molecules' chemical names. UK Mortality Registers (MRs) provided statistical data. The Scottish MR and National Programme on Substance Use Mortality provided case-level information.

Results: Eleven studies were identified. Most decedents were male. The mean death age was 35.3 (range: 17-55) years. Death was commonly from polysubstance poisoning. Globally, 48 deaths involved these drugs (Europe n = 40). Of these, 37 occurred in the UK in 2014-2019. Key characteristics were as follows: male (91%); White (95%), mean age 37.2 (range: 19-65) years; drug use history (72%). Most deaths (89%) were accidental from acute drug toxicity (92%). Diphenidine/methoxyphenidine (MXP) was implicated with other substances (opioids/opiates, benzodiazepines, stimulants) in 66% of cases.

Conclusions: Most deaths were accidental - thus preventable. One-third of deaths involved MXP/diphenidine alone - suggesting they are relatively toxic. Diarylethylamines deaths are rare. These molecules remain available - deaths could occur.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Journal of Psychopharmacology 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
126
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Psychopharmacology is a fully peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes original research and review articles on preclinical and clinical aspects of psychopharmacology. The journal provides an essential forum for researchers and practicing clinicians on the effects of drugs on animal and human behavior, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. The Journal of Psychopharmacology is truly international in scope and readership.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信