Comparative pharmacological studies on novel green-synthesized nano-zero-valent aluminum†

This study aimed to synthesize nano-zero-valent aluminum (NZVAl) for its significant reactivity and reducing properties via a green synthesis method, which offers numerous advantages. Green-synthesized nano-zero-valent aluminum (GT-NZVAl) was synthesized at concentrations of 40 and 100 g L⁻¹ and subsequently characterized using various techniques. The development of carbon and oxide outer layers in GT-NZVAl accounted for the material's exceptional stability, along with its economic and safety advantages. Subsequently, GT-NZVAl (40) and GT-NZVAl (100) were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method to determine their antioxidant efficacy. HPLC and in vitro studies on their antioxidant activity (DPPH method), anti-inflammatory effects (membrane stabilization of COX-1 and COX-2), antimicrobial activity against H. pylori (MIC and MBC), and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were conducted, which encompassed the assessment of various parameters (CRP, TNFα, and IL-6 levels). The findings of these analyses demonstrated that GT-NZVAl displayed notable anti-inflammatory efficacy, comparable to that of the standard indomethacin. The efficacy of the anti-inflammatory activity of GT-NZVAl at the two concentrations against COX-1 and COX-2 exhibited dose-dependent increase. In vivo anti-inflammatory study results indicated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of the newly developed nanoparticle formulation. GT-NZVAl (100) exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of GT-NZVAl (40) and the standard ascorbic acid. The percentage antioxidant activity increased in a dose-dependent manner across all the tested concentrations. The cytotoxicity of GT-NZVAl (40) and GT-NZVAl (100) on the normal human diploid cell line WI-38, as assessed via the MTT assay, yielded IC₅₀ values of 302.96 μg ml⁻¹ and 382.99 μg ml⁻¹, respectively.