Heat-healing strategy by low-melting alloy to achieve Li metal anode stable cycling at high current density

In practical applications, significant volume changes of Li metal anode under high current conditions inevitably result in the breakage of SEI and the formation of Li dendrites. Considering liquid metal can repair the SEI and dissolve Li dendrites but lead to short circuits by flowing and anabatic decomposition of conventional electrolytes at high temperatures, a heat-healing strategy is proposed to address the problems. A quaternary alloy is selected for its melting point between room temperature and the decomposition temperature of electrolytes, and in-situ introduced into SEI for inhibiting the decomposition of the electrolytes, repairing SEI via heating, and preventing irreversible damage to the cell components at high temperatures. Benefiting from this strategy, the coulomb efficiency of the cells with alloy-based SEI is restored to 100% by heat-healing, and the working life of the cells is improved by ∼350%.