Evaluation of the Effect of Various Surface Conditioning Methods and Attachment of Platelet-rich Fibrin on Dental Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of three various surface conditioning techniques and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) attachment on the surface of dental implants.

Materials and methods: The study employed overall 60 implants, each measuring 13 mm length and 3.75 mm diameter which were divided into three groups (n = 20). Group I: Surface modification using sandblasting and acid etching method, group II: Surface modification using plasma spraying method, and group III: Surface modification using UV light method. To acquire the PRF clots, 9 cc of blood samples were taken to prepare PRF. The samples from each group (20 samples per group in 3 separate containers) were submerged for 60 min at room temperature. A scanning electron microscope with 5000× magnification was employed to evaluate the baseline surface roughness area and PRF attachment on the surface modified implants. All data were gathered and analyzed statistically.

Results: At baseline, sandblasting and acid etching method mean surface roughness was 0.86 ± 0.02. In plasma spraying group, 0.90 ± 0.10 and in UV light method, the mean surface roughness was 0.84 ± 0.06. No significant difference was obtained. After intervention, the maximum PRF attachment on implant surface was found in sandblasting and acid etching group i.e., 3.02 ± 1.04 followed by UV light group (2.88 ± 0.76) and plasma spraying group (2.20 ± 1.28). A significant difference was obtained between the different methods.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that, according to the current investigation, all surface changes demonstrate adhesion between the PRF and the implant surface. But the sandblasting and acid etching group exhibited the highest PRF adhesion compared to UV light and plasma spraying groups.

Clinical significance: The total amount of time between implant insertion and prosthesis delivery is influenced by osseointegration time. Numerous growth factors and inflammatory mediators regulate the complex procedure. In addition to releasing vital growth factors like PDGF and TGF, which are in charge of bone remodeling, PRF can also provide a fibrin scaffold. Therefore, PRF can help promote quicker osseointegration when applied as a surface coating to the implant shortly before insertion. How to cite this article: Harsha Raj BS, Jayanti I, Das A, et al. Evaluation of the Effect of Various Surface Conditioning Methods and Attachment of Platelet-rich Fibrin on Dental Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(4):373-376.