Effectiveness of Perioperative Radiotherapy With Systemic Therapy on Survival of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Pathologic N2.

Background and objective: The role of perioperative radiotherapy in squamous cell lung cancer patients with pathologic N2 remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of preoperative radiotherapy (PRRT) and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on survival.

Methods: Patients with pathologic N2 stage III squamous cell lung cancer who received PRRT combined with preoperative systemic therapy (PRST) or PORT combined with postoperative systemic therapy (POST) were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2000 through 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used for the matching of patients (1:1 ratio). Overall survival (OS) was compared among the different groups by using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results: A total of 2132 patients were included and 344 patients were excluded. After PSM, 105 patients received PRST combined with PRRT while 105 patients received PRST alone; 446 patients received POST combined with PORT while 446 patients received POST alone. For PRST combined with/without PRRT, median OS for radiotherapy was 80 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 60 to 121), which was significantly longer than that without radiotherapy (40 months [95% CI, 30 to 70]; p = 0.016); and the hazard ratio for radiotherapy was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.92) compared with no radiotherapy. For POST combined with/without PORT, there was no significant difference between radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for median OS (34 months [95% CI, 30 to 42] for radiotherapy versus 41 months [95% CI, 34 to 51] for no radiotherapy; p = 0.17).

Conclusion: Our results revealed that PRST combined with PRRT significantly improved OS.