The expression and relationship of VEGF and MVD in type I endometrial cancer.

Background: In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the incidence rate of endometrial cancer shows a rising and younger trend in the world. Early stage endometrial cancer patients have a good prognosis after surgical treatment, but late stage patients have a poor prognosis. Therefore, if biological indicators related to the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer with high sensitivity and specificity can be found, it will provide clinical reference for predicting the prognosis of endometrial cancer and evaluating treatment effectiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a positive regulator of angiogenesis, while microvascular density (MVD) is a quantitative indicator of angiogenesis. This study investigates the expression of VEGF and MVD in endometrial cancer and normal endometrial tissue, and explores their roles in the formation and development of endometrial cancer.

Method: Immunohistochemical technique (SP method) was used to detect the expression of VEGF and MVD in paraffin sections of 38 cases of endometrial cancer and 20 cases of normal endometrium. Statistical analysis was conducted using statistical software SPSS 17.0.

Results: The positivity of VEGF in the endometrial cancer group was significantly higher than that in the normal endometrial group. The expression level of MVD in the endometrial cancer group was significantly higher than that in the normal endometrial group. In endometrial cancer, the expression of VEGF is positively correlated with MVD (R = 0.811, P < .001).

Conclusion: The expression levels of VEGF and MVD are significantly increased in endometrial cancer, and both are positively correlated in endometrial cancer. MVD is related to the surgical pathological staging, lymph node metastasis, and depth of muscle wall infiltration of endometrial cancer, indicating that local neovascularization and rich blood supply play an important role in the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer. VEGF is related to the depth of muscle wall infiltration in endometrial cancer, but not to surgical pathological staging and lymph node metastasis. It is considered that other angiogenic factors besides VEGF play a role in regulating angiogenesis during surgical pathological staging and lymph node metastasis of endometrial cancer.