An authenticated quantum dialogue scheme based on a one-way quantum channel

In this paper, a novel authenticated quantum dialogue based on a one-way quantum channel is proposed. In this scheme, one party prepares some six-particle cluster states to send particle sequences to the other party via a one-way quantum channel; both parties perform quantum logic gate operations and measurement operations based on their respective secret information and speculate the initial state to announce the classical information; and finally, both parties decrypt to obtain the other party’s secret information and complete verification and authentication. The one-way quantum channel reduces the risk of transmission losses and errors, and authentication and verification enhance the robustness of this scheme. The feasibility of this scheme in quantum computing has been verified using the IBM Qiskit framework. The security analysis shows that this scheme can resist active and passive attacks from adversaries. In addition, we analyze the deviation of the output state of this scheme and demonstrate its security using formal verification methods under noise. The proposed scheme has relative efficiency and safety advantages over similar schemes.