Surface reconstruction of versatile perovskites via in situ nanoparticle engineering for solid oxide cells

Renewable energy conversion is pivotal for decarbonization via a carbon-neutral energy cycle. Solid oxide cells (SOCs) offer efficient energy conversion for power generation, hydrogen production, and CO₂ electrolysis. These devices benefit from favorable thermodynamic and catalytic mechanisms enabled by high-temperature operation. Perovskite oxides are key SOC catalysts due to their tunable lattice structures, which influence electronic properties, defect chemistry, and catalytic activity. Perovskite surface reconstruction attracts much attention as a critical strategy to enhance reaction kinetics by tailoring surface properties and improving electrode performance. This review explores the unique adaptability of perovskite oxides for surface modification, along with the relationships between lattice structures, surface characteristics, and catalytic performance. It highlights methods for atomic-level reconstruction and summarizes recent experimental and theoretical progress, offering insights for designing next-generation SOC catalysts and advancing the application of perovskite oxides in renewable energy.