长期有机施肥保护土壤原核生物免受金属胁迫，而矿物施肥则加剧了金属胁迫。

IF 7.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126747

Aleksandra Pieńkowska , Jenin Fleischmann , Sören Drabesch , Ines Merbach , Gennuo Wang , Ulisses Rocha , Thomas Reitz , E. Marie Muehe

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引用次数: 0

摘要

农业土壤中的金属污染威胁着对土壤健康和作物生产力至关重要的原核生物动力学。然而，长期施肥是否会影响它们对金属的恢复能力仍不清楚。本研究考察了低剂量镉、锌和铅在119年不施肥、不施肥、不施肥（NPK）、不施肥（有机肥）或不施肥（有机肥）的土壤中的生物地球化学影响。修正金属在可动组分中表现为：矿物<；未施肥<；矿物+有机<；有机，反映了对土壤原核生物的影响。在未施肥和矿物施肥的土壤中，16S rRNA基因拷贝数在添加金属后下降了30%，但恢复时间不同：在未施肥的土壤中，恢复在3天后开始，而在矿物施肥的土壤中，数量下降到恢复前的第7天。这与金属抗性类群的增加相一致，特别是在矿物施肥的土壤中，有10个显著影响otu，而在未施肥的土壤中，有5个受影响。在矿肥土壤中，碳、氮和磷挖掘酶的活性增加了50%至100%，表明增加了养分获取以减轻金属毒性。相比之下，有机肥土壤具有稳定的酶活性和微生物拷贝数，群落变化最小（1影响OTU），表明对金属修正的抵抗力更强。矿物-有机联合施肥稳定了金属修正后的拷贝数和酶活性，但8个otu受到影响，包括专门的营养循环，表明先前吸附的NPK阳离子的有效性增加。我们的研究结果表明，有机施肥可以保护原核生物免受金属胁迫，而矿物施肥则会加剧金属胁迫，这突出了有机做法对保持土壤健康和生产力的好处。

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Long-term organic fertilization shields soil prokaryotes from metal stress while mineral fertilization exacerbates it

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Long-term organic fertilization shields soil prokaryotes from metal stress while mineral fertilization exacerbates it

Metal contamination in agricultural soils threatens prokaryote dynamics essential for soil health and crop productivity. Yet, whether fertilization in the long-run affects their resilience to metals remains unclear. This study examined the biogeochemical impacts of realistically low-dose applications of cadmium, zinc, and lead in soils subjected to 119 years of non-fertilization, mineral-fertilization (NPK), organic-fertilization (manure), or combined mineral-organic fertilization. Amended metals remained in the mobile fraction with the order: mineral < unfertilized < mineral + organic < organic, mirroring the effects on soil prokaryotes. In both unfertilized and mineral-fertilized soils, 16S rRNA gene copy numbers declined by 30 % upon metal addition, but recovery timing differed: in unfertilized soil, recovery began after three days, whereas in mineral-fertilized soil, numbers declined until day seven before recovering. This coincided with an increase in metal-resistant taxa, particularly in mineral-fertilized soil, with 10 significantly affected OTUs, and to a lesser extent in unfertilized soil, with 5 affected OTUs. Carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-mining enzyme activities increased 50–100 % in mineral-fertilized soils, suggesting enhanced nutrient acquisition to mitigate metal toxicity. In contrast, organic-fertilized soil hosted stable enzymatic activities and microbial copy numbers with minimal community shifts (1 affected OTU), indicating greater resistance to metal amendment. Combined mineral-organic fertilization stabilized copy numbers and enzymatic activity upon metal amendment, but 8 OTUs were affected, including specialized nutrient cyclers, suggesting increased availability of previously adsorbed NPK cations. Our findings indicate that organic fertilization shields prokaryotes from metal stress, while mineral fertilization exacerbates it, highlighting the benefits of organic practices for maintaining soil health and productivity.

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.