Prevalence of metabolic diseases in patients infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the prevalence and treatment outcome of metabolic disorders among Omani patients living with HIV.

Methods

Retrospective observational cross-sectional study of adult patients living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024.

Results

A total of 214 patients living with HIV were included. A total of 138 (64.5%) patients were male, with a median age of 43 years (34-53). The median duration of HIV infection was 11 (4-16) years and the median clusters of differentiation 4 count at HIV diagnosis was 191 (49-299) cells/mm³, with 30.4% of patients suffered an AIDS defining opportunistic infection at presentation. The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, osteopenia, and obesity was 25.0%, 21.5%, 49.4%, 18.9%, 44.1%, and 34.5%, respectively. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, and osteoporosis were significantly older and notably had longer duration of HIV infection. A total of 39.2%, 48.4%, 51.6%, and 76.2% of patients with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis achieved treatment targets, respectively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of metabolic disorders in Omani patients living with HIV is high especially among older patients and those with long duration of HIV infection. Substantial gap exists in the care of these patients regarding the management of metabolic disorders.