不同能源供应情景下的过程能源强度和温室气体排放评估:以泰国未来全面电气化钾肥开采和生产为例

IF 8.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Apisit Numprasanthai, Penradee Chanpiwat
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引用次数: 0

摘要

支持经济和社会发展的材料需求使采矿和材料生产行业成为能源密集型行业之一,也是温室气体(GHG)排放的主要来源。本研究量化了矿井整个生命周期内所有钾肥生产过程的能源强度,以及不同能源供应情景(单独购买电网电力或电网电力与以当地生物质为燃料的自产电力相结合)下钾肥生产的温室气体排放和强度。总能源需求的40.4%、42.5%和17.1%分别分配给矿石提取、钾肥回收和项目日常运营所需的能源。生产阶段(1028±13 MJ/吨)的总能量强度低于矿山开发阶段(5003±2766)和关闭阶段(1759±430),因为前一阶段的矿石提取率为1.5 ~ 2.3倍。对温室气体排放总量的评估证实,单纯使用电网发电的项目年排放量(153.18 kt CO2当量)低于仅使用棕榈仁壳(283.67至287.42 kt CO2当量)和棕榈仁壳与燃料木材混合使用(247.23至251.22 kt CO2当量)的生物质发电项目年排放量。不确定性分析表明,年温室气体排放总量比通过确定性计算方法估计的排放量低1.6至1.7倍或高1.4倍。在20年的项目生命周期中,如果100%燃烧棕榈仁壳发电,将排放最多5,748.4 kt CO2当量。通过比较本研究与其他钾肥生产企业的温室气体排放强度,观察到钾肥生产环境绩效的差异,主要是由于开采方法、项目运营能源来源和可再生能源的利用造成的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of Process Energy Intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Energy Supply Scenarios: A Case Study of Future Full-scale Electrified Potash Mining and Production in Thailand.

Demand for materials to support economic and social development has made the mining and materials production industry one of the most energy-intensive sectors and a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study quantified the energy intensity for all potash production processes throughout the mine lifetime and the GHG emissions and intensities of potash production under different energy supply scenarios (purchased grid electricity alone or a combination of grid electricity and self-generated electricity using local biomass as fuel feedstock). A total of 40.4%, 42.5% and 17.1% of the overall energy demand is distributed to the energy required for ore extraction, potash recovery, and daily project operations, respectively. The overall energy intensities (MJ/ton of potash concentrate produced) are lower during the production phase (1,028 ± 13) than during the mine development (5,003 ± 2,766) and closure (1,759 ± 430) phases because 1.5 to 2.3 more ore is extracted in the former phase. The assessment of total GHG emissions confirmed lower annual emissions from the project operation solely based on grid electricity (153.18 kt CO2 eq) than those of the operations based on biomass electricity production using only palm kernel shells (283.67 to 287.42 kt CO2 eq) and a mixture of palm kernel shells and fuel woods (247.23 to 251.22 kt CO2 eq). Uncertainty analyses indicate 1.6- to 1.7-fold lower or 1.4-fold greater total annual GHG emissions than emissions estimated via a deterministic calculation approach. Over the 20-year project lifetime, a maximum of 5,748.4 kt CO2 eq will be emitted if electricity is generated from the combustion of 100% palm kernel shells. The differences in the environmental performance of potash production observed through comparisons of GHG emission intensities between this study and other potash production companies are caused mainly by the mining method, source of energy for project operation and utilization of renewable energy.

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来源期刊
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
6.50%
发文量
156
期刊介绍: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.
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