[The effect of physical activity on biomarkers of aging in normal and pathological conditions (analytical review).]

Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining health and slowing down aging, reducing the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases. Epidemiological data confirm a close relationship between physical activity and life expectancy. The mechanisms underlying these improvements are very complex and completely unknown. The physiological processes associated with aging of the body can be judged by biomarkers. Physical activity and exercise have a significant impact on various physiological and biochemical processes associated with aging, including the rate of telomere shortening, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, myokine release, autophagy, oxidative stress, and signaling of insulin-like growth factor. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature data on the effect of physical activity on biomarkers of age-related changes and age-related diseases.