G Leonard Burns, Stephen P Becker, Juan José Montaño, Belén Sáez, Mateu Servera
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Scores greater/less than the top 5% on CDS, IN, and HI were used to create: (1) control, (2) CDS-only, (3) ADHD-IN-only, (4) ADHD-HI-only, (5) ADHD-C-only, (6) CDS + ADHD-IN, (7) CDS + ADHD-HI, and (8) CDS + ADHD-C groups within childhood and adolescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within childhood, the CDS-only group had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on anxiety, depression, somatization, daytime sleep-related impairment, nighttime sleep disturbance, social impairment, and peer withdrawal, whereas CDS-only, ADHD-IN-only, and ADHD-HI-only groups did not differ on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and academic impairment (ADHD-C-only higher). Within adolescence, the CDS-only group again had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on somatization and daytime sleep-related impairment but was now lower than the three ADHD presentations on ODD as well as lower on academic impairment than the ADHD-IN-only and ADHD-C-only groups. Within adolescence, the CDS-only group and the three ADHD presentations did not differ on depression, social impairment, or peer withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDS-only group had strong differential validity from ADHD-IN-only, ADHD-HI-only, and ADHD-C-only groups within childhood with less striking differences in adolescence. In addition to more studies with adolescents, etiological models with multi-informant longitudinal data are needed to better understand the differences in CDS and ADHD dimensions and their changes across development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251344719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome is Clinically Distinct from ADHD Presentations within Childhood and Adolescence.\",\"authors\":\"G Leonard Burns, Stephen P Becker, Juan José Montaño, Belén Sáez, Mateu Servera\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/10870547251344719\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to determine the differential validity of a cognitive disengagement syndrome-only (CDS-only) group from ADHD-inattentive presentation-only (IN-only), ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive presentation-only (HI-only), and ADHD-combined presentation (C-only) groups within childhood (ages 5-10) and adolescence (ages 11-16).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages 5-16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD-inattention (IN), and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures. Scores greater/less than the top 5% on CDS, IN, and HI were used to create: (1) control, (2) CDS-only, (3) ADHD-IN-only, (4) ADHD-HI-only, (5) ADHD-C-only, (6) CDS + ADHD-IN, (7) CDS + ADHD-HI, and (8) CDS + ADHD-C groups within childhood and adolescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within childhood, the CDS-only group had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on anxiety, depression, somatization, daytime sleep-related impairment, nighttime sleep disturbance, social impairment, and peer withdrawal, whereas CDS-only, ADHD-IN-only, and ADHD-HI-only groups did not differ on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and academic impairment (ADHD-C-only higher). Within adolescence, the CDS-only group again had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on somatization and daytime sleep-related impairment but was now lower than the three ADHD presentations on ODD as well as lower on academic impairment than the ADHD-IN-only and ADHD-C-only groups. Within adolescence, the CDS-only group and the three ADHD presentations did not differ on depression, social impairment, or peer withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDS-only group had strong differential validity from ADHD-IN-only, ADHD-HI-only, and ADHD-C-only groups within childhood with less striking differences in adolescence. In addition to more studies with adolescents, etiological models with multi-informant longitudinal data are needed to better understand the differences in CDS and ADHD dimensions and their changes across development.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15237,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Attention Disorders\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"10870547251344719\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Attention Disorders\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251344719\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHIATRY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Attention Disorders","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251344719","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：目的是确定儿童（5-10岁）和青少年（11-16岁）仅认知脱离综合征（CDS-only）组与仅adhd -不注意表现（IN-only）、仅adhd -多动-冲动表现（HI-only）和仅adhd -合并表现（C-only）组的差异效度。方法：5525名西班牙青少年（5-16岁，56.1%为男孩）的父母完成了CDS、adhd -注意力不集中（IN）和adhd -多动/冲动（HI）等测量。在cd、IN和HI上得分高于或低于前5%的人被用来创建：(1)对照组，(2)仅限cd，(3)仅限ADHD-IN，(4)仅限ADHD-HI，(5)仅限ADHD-C， (6) cd + ADHD-IN, (7) cd + ADHD-HI, (8) cd + ADHD-C儿童和青少年组。结果：在儿童时期，仅cd组在焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、白天睡眠相关障碍、夜间睡眠障碍、社交障碍和同伴退缩方面的得分高于三种ADHD表现，而仅cd组、仅ADHD- in组和仅ADHD- hi组在对立违抗障碍（ODD）和学业障碍（ADHD- c -only更高）方面没有差异。在青少年时期，仅cd组在躯体化和日间睡眠相关障碍方面的得分再次高于三种ADHD表现，但在ODD方面的得分低于三种ADHD表现，在学业障碍方面的得分低于仅ADHD- in组和仅ADHD- c组。在青春期，只有cd的组和三种ADHD表现在抑郁、社交障碍或同伴退缩方面没有差异。结论：单纯cd组与单纯adhd - in组、单纯adhd - hi组和单纯adhd - c组在儿童期具有较强的差异效度，在青春期差异不显著。除了对青少年进行更多的研究外，还需要多信息纵向数据的病因学模型，以更好地了解CDS和ADHD维度的差异及其在发育过程中的变化。
Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome is Clinically Distinct from ADHD Presentations within Childhood and Adolescence.
Objective: The objective was to determine the differential validity of a cognitive disengagement syndrome-only (CDS-only) group from ADHD-inattentive presentation-only (IN-only), ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive presentation-only (HI-only), and ADHD-combined presentation (C-only) groups within childhood (ages 5-10) and adolescence (ages 11-16).
Methods: Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages 5-16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD-inattention (IN), and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures. Scores greater/less than the top 5% on CDS, IN, and HI were used to create: (1) control, (2) CDS-only, (3) ADHD-IN-only, (4) ADHD-HI-only, (5) ADHD-C-only, (6) CDS + ADHD-IN, (7) CDS + ADHD-HI, and (8) CDS + ADHD-C groups within childhood and adolescence.
Results: Within childhood, the CDS-only group had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on anxiety, depression, somatization, daytime sleep-related impairment, nighttime sleep disturbance, social impairment, and peer withdrawal, whereas CDS-only, ADHD-IN-only, and ADHD-HI-only groups did not differ on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and academic impairment (ADHD-C-only higher). Within adolescence, the CDS-only group again had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on somatization and daytime sleep-related impairment but was now lower than the three ADHD presentations on ODD as well as lower on academic impairment than the ADHD-IN-only and ADHD-C-only groups. Within adolescence, the CDS-only group and the three ADHD presentations did not differ on depression, social impairment, or peer withdrawal.
Conclusion: The CDS-only group had strong differential validity from ADHD-IN-only, ADHD-HI-only, and ADHD-C-only groups within childhood with less striking differences in adolescence. In addition to more studies with adolescents, etiological models with multi-informant longitudinal data are needed to better understand the differences in CDS and ADHD dimensions and their changes across development.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Attention Disorders (JAD) focuses on basic and applied science concerning attention and related functions in children, adolescents, and adults. JAD publishes articles on diagnosis, comorbidity, neuropsychological functioning, psychopharmacology, and psychosocial issues. The journal also addresses practice, policy, and theory, as well as review articles, commentaries, in-depth analyses, empirical research articles, and case presentations or program evaluations.
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