与当地有关的环境水质标准,以保护人类健康。

IF 8.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Brad Barnhart, Camille Flinders, Jayme Coyle
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国环境保护署(EPA)使用一个确定性的、基于风险的框架,就通过摄入水和水生生物保护人类健康的环境水质标准提出国家建议。要求各国要么采纳这些建议,要么提出在科学上站得住脚的替代办法。确定性方法因依赖多个高百分位数输入参数而面临批评,导致标准与实际风险脱节。因此,虽然一些州完全采用了美国环保署的标准建议,但其他州使用不同的输入参数或替代方法来得出更好地代表当地暴露条件的标准。概率风险评估(PRA)是一种科学可靠的替代方法,它通过使用完整的数据分布而不是点估计来定义暴露,从而提供了透明度和灵活性。这使得可接受的风险目标和受影响的人口子群体之间有了明确的联系。尽管美国环保署已经提供了支持在其他监管项目中使用PRA的指导,但目前还缺乏关于实施PRA方法以获得各州特定AWQC的直接指导。这项工作探讨了美国环保局基于风险的框架,并应用确定性和概率方法来量化AWQC中不同标准衍生情景下的模式,这些情景会改变暴露和风险的假设。我们实现了一个开源的R Shiny工具,旨在减少技术障碍,并促进国家机构(包括那些没有专业建模专业知识的机构)的实际采用。结果强调暴露假设、风险阈值和推导方法如何影响AWQC;为环境机构提供实用指导,以得出与当地相关且科学合理的标准;并可作为未来美国环保局关于在AWQC衍生中使用PRA的技术支持文件的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Locally relevant ambient water quality criteria to protect human health.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) uses a deterministic, risk-based framework to derive national recommendations for ambient water quality criteria protective of human health (AWQC) through the ingestion of water and aquatic organisms. States are required to either adopt these recommendations or propose scientifically defensible alternatives. The deterministic approach has faced criticism for relying on multiple high-percentile input parameters, leading to criteria disconnected from actual risk. Consequently, while some states adopt US EPA's criteria recommendations in their entirety, others utilize different input parameters or alternative approaches to derive criteria that better represent local exposure conditions. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) represents a scientifically robust alternative that offers transparency and flexibility by using full data distributions rather than point estimates to define exposures. This enables a clear linkage between the acceptable risk targets and affected population subgroups. Although US EPA has provided guidance supporting the use of PRA in other regulatory programs, direct guidance on implementing a PRA approach for deriving state-specific AWQC is lacking. This work explores US EPA's risk-based framework and applies both deterministic and probabilistic approaches to quantify patterns in AWQC under different criteria derivation scenarios that alter assumptions of exposure and risk. We implement an open-source R Shiny tool designed to reduce technical barriers and facilitate practical adoption by state agencies, including those without specialized modeling expertise. Outcomes highlight how exposure assumptions, risk thresholds, and derivation approaches impact AWQC; offer a practical guidance for environmental agencies to derive locally relevant and scientifically defensible criteria; and may serve as a basis for a future US EPA technical support document on the use of PRA for AWQC derivation.

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来源期刊
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
6.50%
发文量
156
期刊介绍: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.
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