5G defense network using commercial gNodeB with zero trust architecture

As 5G technology expands globally, the demand for secure and reliable military communication is growing significantly. This study examines 5G military network architectures that integrate commercial 5G elements, ranging from isolated to shared configurations, to balance security, cost, and coverage. We propose a network leveraging commercial next-generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB) with a military Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID, ensuring extensive coverage, robust security, and cost efficiency. To enhance secure access, a zero trust (ZT) architecture using a software-defined perimeter (SDP) is employed. The connection process for user equipment accessing private networks is detailed through 5G authentication and ZT access management. Simulated 5G analysis compares scenarios before and after applying SDP under denial-of-service (DoS) and IP scanning attacks. Results demonstrate that SDP mitigates IP scanning threats, improves throughput during DoS attacks, and maintains performance. Validation on a real-world 5G testbed confirms feasibility, robust security, and stability. These findings underscore the potential of ZT-based 5G military networks for modern defense communication.