Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus , Cintia Amando , Luiz Filipe dos Santos Silva , Maria Marceliane da Silva , Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos , Maria Medeiros , Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza , Adriano do Nascimento Simões , Eduardo Soares de Souza , André Luiz Alves de Lima
{"title":"热带干旱森林植物木质部结构变化调控盐度下的生理反应","authors":"Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus , Cintia Amando , Luiz Filipe dos Santos Silva , Maria Marceliane da Silva , Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos , Maria Medeiros , Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza , Adriano do Nascimento Simões , Eduardo Soares de Souza , André Luiz Alves de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152790","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant mortality under increasing abiotic stress is associated with xylem vulnerability and the ability to adjust hydraulic mechanisms. Understanding these processes in saline environments can reveal the future survival dynamics of coexisting species. This study investigated how adjustments in the xylem traits of different functional plant groups from the Caatinga dry forest influence adaptation under saline conditions. Deciduous species with high wood density (HWD) and low wood density (LWD) were analyzed. The plants were subjected to different electrical conductivities: 0.15 (control), 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 dS m<sup>−1</sup> for 90 days in a nursery (70 % shading) under a completely randomized design (CRD). The following parameters were evaluated: stomatal conductance (<em>gs</em>), xylem water potential (Ψ<sub>xylem</sub>), Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio in leaf, stem, and root, leaf number, xylem anatomical characteristics, potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp), and the xylem vulnerability index of the stem and root. Data were analyzed using polynomial regression and Tukey’s test (<em>P</em> = 5 %). The HWD group showed higher xylem trait resistance values, higher <em>gs</em> (298 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), leaf drop with a higher Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio (1.1–1.9) at the highest level of EC, stomatal density (by 31.2 %), and leaf renewal. The LWD group exhibited a more significant reduction in xylem vessel lumen diameter (60 %), vulnerability index (90 %), and Kp (80 %) with salinity, higher Ψ<sub>xylem</sub> (by ca. -1 MPa), and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio in the root (ca. 160 %). HWD species showed resistance, with physiological stability and slight anatomical adjustment, while LWD species adjusted the xylem more to cope with salinity. Future studies should explore the limits of these adjustments in different environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 152790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Changes in xylem architecture modulate physiological responses in coexisting tropical dry forest plants under salinity\",\"authors\":\"Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus , Cintia Amando , Luiz Filipe dos Santos Silva , Maria Marceliane da Silva , Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos , Maria Medeiros , Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza , Adriano do Nascimento Simões , Eduardo Soares de Souza , André Luiz Alves de Lima\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152790\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Plant mortality under increasing abiotic stress is associated with xylem vulnerability and the ability to adjust hydraulic mechanisms. Understanding these processes in saline environments can reveal the future survival dynamics of coexisting species. This study investigated how adjustments in the xylem traits of different functional plant groups from the Caatinga dry forest influence adaptation under saline conditions. Deciduous species with high wood density (HWD) and low wood density (LWD) were analyzed. The plants were subjected to different electrical conductivities: 0.15 (control), 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 dS m<sup>−1</sup> for 90 days in a nursery (70 % shading) under a completely randomized design (CRD). The following parameters were evaluated: stomatal conductance (<em>gs</em>), xylem water potential (Ψ<sub>xylem</sub>), Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio in leaf, stem, and root, leaf number, xylem anatomical characteristics, potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp), and the xylem vulnerability index of the stem and root. Data were analyzed using polynomial regression and Tukey’s test (<em>P</em> = 5 %). The HWD group showed higher xylem trait resistance values, higher <em>gs</em> (298 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), leaf drop with a higher Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio (1.1–1.9) at the highest level of EC, stomatal density (by 31.2 %), and leaf renewal. The LWD group exhibited a more significant reduction in xylem vessel lumen diameter (60 %), vulnerability index (90 %), and Kp (80 %) with salinity, higher Ψ<sub>xylem</sub> (by ca. -1 MPa), and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio in the root (ca. 160 %). HWD species showed resistance, with physiological stability and slight anatomical adjustment, while LWD species adjusted the xylem more to cope with salinity. Future studies should explore the limits of these adjustments in different environments.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55156,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Flora\",\"volume\":\"330 \",\"pages\":\"Article 152790\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Flora\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253025001197\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Flora","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253025001197","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in xylem architecture modulate physiological responses in coexisting tropical dry forest plants under salinity
Plant mortality under increasing abiotic stress is associated with xylem vulnerability and the ability to adjust hydraulic mechanisms. Understanding these processes in saline environments can reveal the future survival dynamics of coexisting species. This study investigated how adjustments in the xylem traits of different functional plant groups from the Caatinga dry forest influence adaptation under saline conditions. Deciduous species with high wood density (HWD) and low wood density (LWD) were analyzed. The plants were subjected to different electrical conductivities: 0.15 (control), 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 dS m−1 for 90 days in a nursery (70 % shading) under a completely randomized design (CRD). The following parameters were evaluated: stomatal conductance (gs), xylem water potential (Ψxylem), Na+/K+ ratio in leaf, stem, and root, leaf number, xylem anatomical characteristics, potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp), and the xylem vulnerability index of the stem and root. Data were analyzed using polynomial regression and Tukey’s test (P = 5 %). The HWD group showed higher xylem trait resistance values, higher gs (298 mmol m−2 s−1), leaf drop with a higher Na+/K+ ratio (1.1–1.9) at the highest level of EC, stomatal density (by 31.2 %), and leaf renewal. The LWD group exhibited a more significant reduction in xylem vessel lumen diameter (60 %), vulnerability index (90 %), and Kp (80 %) with salinity, higher Ψxylem (by ca. -1 MPa), and Na+/K+ ratio in the root (ca. 160 %). HWD species showed resistance, with physiological stability and slight anatomical adjustment, while LWD species adjusted the xylem more to cope with salinity. Future studies should explore the limits of these adjustments in different environments.
期刊介绍:
FLORA publishes original contributions and review articles on plant structure (morphology and anatomy), plant distribution (incl. phylogeography) and plant functional ecology (ecophysiology, population ecology and population genetics, organismic interactions, community ecology, ecosystem ecology). Manuscripts (both original and review articles) on a single topic can be compiled in Special Issues, for which suggestions are welcome.
FLORA, the scientific botanical journal with the longest uninterrupted publication sequence (since 1818), considers manuscripts in the above areas which appeal a broad scientific and international readership. Manuscripts focused on floristics and vegetation science will only be considered if they exceed the pure descriptive approach and have relevance for interpreting plant morphology, distribution or ecology. Manuscripts whose content is restricted to purely systematic and nomenclature matters, to geobotanical aspects of only local interest, to pure applications in agri-, horti- or silviculture and pharmacology, and experimental studies dealing exclusively with investigations at the cellular and subcellular level will not be accepted. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of morphology, anatomy and development are welcome.