Diego Saavedra-Tralma, Alexis Gaete, Carolina Merino-Guzmán, Maribel Parada-Ibáñez, Francisco Nájera-de Ferrari, Ignacio Jofré-Fernández
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A <i>bnos</i>-specific PCR confirmed gene presence, while whole-genome sequencing (6.7 Mb, 43.79% GC) revealed two nitrogen metabolism pathways, including a <i>bnos</i>-like gene. dDDH (<70%) and ANI (<95%) values with related <i>Paenibacillus</i> strains support the delineation of this isolate as a distinct species. Extracellular and intracellular NO measurements under aerobic conditions showed a dose-dependent response, with detectable production at 0.1 µM L-arginine and saturation at 100 µM. The addition of L-NAME reduced NO formation, confirming enzymatic mediation. The genomic identification of a <i>bnos</i>-like gene strongly supports the presence of a functional pathway. The absence of canonical nitric oxide reductase (<i>Nor</i>) genes or other typical denitrification-related enzymes reinforces that NO production arises from an alternative, intracellular enzymatic mechanism rather than classical denitrification. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
尽管传统上认为细菌中的一氧化氮(NO)产生与模型或共生生物的反硝化或应激反应有关,但在自由生活、非反硝化的土壤细菌中,功能有效的l -精氨酸依赖的一氧化氮合酶(bNOS)活性尚未得到证实。本文报道了一种从雨林土壤中分离出来的细菌,它能在好氧条件下通过bNOS合成NO。bnos特异性PCR证实了该基因的存在,而全基因组测序(6.7 Mb, 43.79% GC)显示了两条氮代谢途径,包括一个bnos样基因。dDDH (Paenibacillus)菌株支持该分离物作为一个独特物种的描述。在有氧条件下,细胞外和细胞内NO测量显示出剂量依赖性反应,在0.1µM l -精氨酸时可检测到产量,在100µM时可检测到饱和。L-NAME的加入减少了NO的形成,证实了酶的介导作用。bnos样基因的基因组鉴定有力地支持了功能途径的存在。典型的一氧化氮还原酶(Nor)基因或其他典型的反硝化相关酶的缺失强化了一氧化氮的产生是由另一种细胞内酶机制产生的,而不是经典的反硝化作用。因此,P. nitricinens扩大了已知的微生物NO合成库,并提示了在通风良好的土壤中以前被忽视的NO通量来源。
Functional and Genomic Evidence of L-Arginine-Dependent Bacterial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Paenibacillus nitricinens sp. nov.
Although nitric oxide (NO) production in bacteria has traditionally been associated with denitrification or stress responses in model or symbiotic organisms, functionally validated L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) activity has not been documented in free-living, non-denitrifying soil bacteria. This paper reports Paenibacillus nitricinens sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from rainforest soil capable of synthesizing NO via a bNOS under aerobic conditions. A bnos-specific PCR confirmed gene presence, while whole-genome sequencing (6.7 Mb, 43.79% GC) revealed two nitrogen metabolism pathways, including a bnos-like gene. dDDH (<70%) and ANI (<95%) values with related Paenibacillus strains support the delineation of this isolate as a distinct species. Extracellular and intracellular NO measurements under aerobic conditions showed a dose-dependent response, with detectable production at 0.1 µM L-arginine and saturation at 100 µM. The addition of L-NAME reduced NO formation, confirming enzymatic mediation. The genomic identification of a bnos-like gene strongly supports the presence of a functional pathway. The absence of canonical nitric oxide reductase (Nor) genes or other typical denitrification-related enzymes reinforces that NO production arises from an alternative, intracellular enzymatic mechanism rather than classical denitrification. Consequently, P. nitricinens expands the known repertoire of microbial NO synthesis and suggests a previously overlooked source of NO flux in well-aerated soils.
期刊介绍:
Biology (ISSN 2079-7737) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published by MDPI online. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.