[Development of Oncolytic Viruses against Cancer].

Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel antitumor therapy using genetically modified oncolytic viruses(OVs)that specifically replicate and induce lytic cell death in tumor cells. OVs directly induce tumor cell death and indirectly enhance the antitumor efficacy of chemoradiotherapy by suppressing cell survival signaling. Moreover, OVs activate antitumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death and enhance the antitumor effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. OVs including herpes simplex virus and adenovirus have been widely developed for clinical application. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of OVs in monotherapy and combination therapy with conventional cancer treatment and summarizes representative OVs that are in the phases of clinical trials.