{"title":"高粱双色蛋白激活的不同免疫途径。","authors":"Jaimini Patoliya, Khushali Thaker, Khushbu Rabadiya, Jalpa Patel, Tithi Trivedi, Saumya Patel, Nayan Jain, Prasant Kumar, Rushikesh Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates how two harpin proteins, HrpZ and Hpa1, modulate plant immunity as potential alternatives to pesticides. Despite the established importance of SA in immunity, its regulatory complexity and gene expression dynamics are partially elucidated. We examined the effect of HrpZ and Hpa1 on the SA signalling pathway and the expression of seven marker genes (<i>NPR1</i>, <i>EDS1</i>, <i>CAD1</i>, <i>NSL1</i>, <i>AED3</i>, <i>AED4</i>, <i>WRKY8</i>) identified through existing microarray dataset analysis and analysed by qRT-PCR and HPLC. Our findings reveal distinct modes of action: HrpZ strongly activates SA-mediated immunity by upregulating SA levels and SA-responsive genes. Conversely, Hpa1 does not significantly impact SA levels but upregulates <i>AED3</i> and <i>AED4</i>, suggesting an alternative, SA-independent defence mechanism. This research provides valuable insights into harpin-induced plant immunity, paving the way for targeted biostimulant development in sustainable agriculture.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 5","pages":"785-793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185832/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Distinct immune pathways activated by harpin proteins in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>.\",\"authors\":\"Jaimini Patoliya, Khushali Thaker, Khushbu Rabadiya, Jalpa Patel, Tithi Trivedi, Saumya Patel, Nayan Jain, Prasant Kumar, Rushikesh Joshi\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>This study investigates how two harpin proteins, HrpZ and Hpa1, modulate plant immunity as potential alternatives to pesticides. Despite the established importance of SA in immunity, its regulatory complexity and gene expression dynamics are partially elucidated. We examined the effect of HrpZ and Hpa1 on the SA signalling pathway and the expression of seven marker genes (<i>NPR1</i>, <i>EDS1</i>, <i>CAD1</i>, <i>NSL1</i>, <i>AED3</i>, <i>AED4</i>, <i>WRKY8</i>) identified through existing microarray dataset analysis and analysed by qRT-PCR and HPLC. Our findings reveal distinct modes of action: HrpZ strongly activates SA-mediated immunity by upregulating SA levels and SA-responsive genes. Conversely, Hpa1 does not significantly impact SA levels but upregulates <i>AED3</i> and <i>AED4</i>, suggesting an alternative, SA-independent defence mechanism. This research provides valuable insights into harpin-induced plant immunity, paving the way for targeted biostimulant development in sustainable agriculture.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20148,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants\",\"volume\":\"31 5\",\"pages\":\"785-793\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185832/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/6/3 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PLANT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Distinct immune pathways activated by harpin proteins in Sorghum bicolor.
This study investigates how two harpin proteins, HrpZ and Hpa1, modulate plant immunity as potential alternatives to pesticides. Despite the established importance of SA in immunity, its regulatory complexity and gene expression dynamics are partially elucidated. We examined the effect of HrpZ and Hpa1 on the SA signalling pathway and the expression of seven marker genes (NPR1, EDS1, CAD1, NSL1, AED3, AED4, WRKY8) identified through existing microarray dataset analysis and analysed by qRT-PCR and HPLC. Our findings reveal distinct modes of action: HrpZ strongly activates SA-mediated immunity by upregulating SA levels and SA-responsive genes. Conversely, Hpa1 does not significantly impact SA levels but upregulates AED3 and AED4, suggesting an alternative, SA-independent defence mechanism. This research provides valuable insights into harpin-induced plant immunity, paving the way for targeted biostimulant development in sustainable agriculture.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01601-6.
期刊介绍：
Founded in 1995, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (PMBP) is a peer reviewed monthly journal co-published by Springer Nature. It contains research and review articles, short communications, commentaries, book reviews etc., in all areas of functional plant biology including, but not limited to plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, molecular pathology, biophysics, cell and molecular biology, genetics, genomics and bioinformatics. Its integrated and interdisciplinary approach reflects the global growth trajectories in functional plant biology, attracting authors/editors/reviewers from over 98 countries.
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