Rating vehicle-integrated photovoltaics: power and energy loss by curved surface

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of a demonstration of a curved photovoltaic module on a vehicle, reproducing unusual power output behaviors through modeling and measurement with 840 W III–V multi-junction solar cells. A demonstration drive test conducted on public roads offered valuable insights into the performance of these solar cells under real-world conditions. Additionally, the research highlights the impact of curved surfaces on power output. The findings from the public road tests validate the simulation models used to predict power output from curved vehicle-integrated photovoltaic systems. This study concludes with a discussion on energy yield across various climates and shading environments, providing a comprehensive understanding of the potential and challenges of integrating solar cells into curved vehicle bodies.