Enfermedad arterial periférica de miembros inferiores

Chronic ischemia of the lower limbs is a clinical condition due to the presence of peripheral arterial disease characterized by obstruction of the arteries that supply the legs. Its risk factors, pathophysiology, and classification are described. It is caused by the accumulation of atheroma plaques in the arteries that reduces blood flow and causes symptoms such as pain when walking (intermittent claudication) or pain at rest. In severe cases, ulcers or gangrene may occur. The diagnosis is based on a physical examination, the ankle-brachial index, and imaging tests such as CT angiography or arteriography. Treatment aims to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve symptoms. It includes non-pharmacological measures such as smoking cessation and doing exercise, drugs such as antiplatelet agents and statins, and, in some cases, surgery to revascularize the leg. This update highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent serious complications such as amputation.