Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among Korean women: A cross-sectional study in Seoul

Background

Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest. Symptoms include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and reduced well-being. This study assessed the prevalence of depression among Korean women and examined the factors associated with its occurrence.

Methods

This study utilized survey data collected in 2022 by the Seoul Foundation of Women and Family, focusing on women aged 19 and older to assess their mental health. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to explore the data.

Results

This study included 1015 Korean women aged 19–71, with an overall depression prevalence of 19.9 %. Women aged 19–39 had the highest prevalence (28.2 %), compared to 15.0 % among those aged 40–59 and 12.6 % among those aged 60–71. Depression rates were particularly high among those in poor health (45.1 %), those dissatisfied with life (40.0 %), and those with low self-esteem (38.2 %). The relative risk of depression was 2.75 times higher among those living alone compared to those living with a spouse, 3.73 times higher among those in poor health, 3.35 times higher among those dissatisfied with life, and 3.18 times higher among those with low self-esteem.

Conclusions

This study examined sociodemographic characteristics, social experiences, and self-perception factors associated with depression among Korean women. The prevalence was particularly high among women with poor health, life dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. Effective health and welfare policies are necessary to improve women's health, enhance quality of life, and reduce depression rates.