Gerheart Winfred Ashong , Christian Edem Darko , Eliot Pappoe , Boansi Adu Ababio , Edward Ebow Kwaansa-Ansah
{"title":"腰果壳油是一种潜在的药用植物，其植物化学评价、化学性质和抗菌活性的探讨","authors":"Gerheart Winfred Ashong , Christian Edem Darko , Eliot Pappoe , Boansi Adu Ababio , Edward Ebow Kwaansa-Ansah","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100291","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a by-product of cashew nut processing, is known for its bioactive compounds, potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pharmaceutical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and chemical profile of CNSL, providing scientific evaluation for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>After the CNSL was extracted using Soxhlet extraction, its chemical composition was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), and functional group identification using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Also its phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity against organisms were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The FTIR and GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic groups which contributes to the antimicrobial activity observed.</div><div>The phytochemical analysis of CNSL extract revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids, amino acids, and flavonoids, across the different solvent extracts.</div><div>The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) showed that the extract was most effective against <em>Streptococcus pyogene</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (25 mg/mL) and less effective against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> (50 mg/mL).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CNSL's phytochemical constituents highlight its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, especially against gram-positive bacteria, indicating its potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Further studies are needed to quantify, assess cytotoxicity, and develop CNSL-based products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exploration of the phytochemical evaluation, chemical profile, and antimicrobial activities of cashew nut shell oil, a potential medicinal plant for various applications\",\"authors\":\"Gerheart Winfred Ashong , Christian Edem Darko , Eliot Pappoe , Boansi Adu Ababio , Edward Ebow Kwaansa-Ansah\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100291\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a by-product of cashew nut processing, is known for its bioactive compounds, potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pharmaceutical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and chemical profile of CNSL, providing scientific evaluation for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>After the CNSL was extracted using Soxhlet extraction, its chemical composition was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), and functional group identification using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Also its phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity against organisms were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The FTIR and GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic groups which contributes to the antimicrobial activity observed.</div><div>The phytochemical analysis of CNSL extract revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids, amino acids, and flavonoids, across the different solvent extracts.</div><div>The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) showed that the extract was most effective against <em>Streptococcus pyogene</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (25 mg/mL) and less effective against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> (50 mg/mL).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CNSL's phytochemical constituents highlight its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, especially against gram-positive bacteria, indicating its potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Further studies are needed to quantify, assess cytotoxicity, and develop CNSL-based products.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":101014,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products\",\"volume\":\"8 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100291\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295019972500151X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295019972500151X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploration of the phytochemical evaluation, chemical profile, and antimicrobial activities of cashew nut shell oil, a potential medicinal plant for various applications
Background
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a by-product of cashew nut processing, is known for its bioactive compounds, potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pharmaceutical applications.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and chemical profile of CNSL, providing scientific evaluation for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications.
Method
After the CNSL was extracted using Soxhlet extraction, its chemical composition was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), and functional group identification using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Also its phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity against organisms were evaluated.
Results
The FTIR and GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic groups which contributes to the antimicrobial activity observed.
The phytochemical analysis of CNSL extract revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids, amino acids, and flavonoids, across the different solvent extracts.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) showed that the extract was most effective against Streptococcus pyogene and Bacillus subtilis (25 mg/mL) and less effective against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli (50 mg/mL).
Conclusion
The CNSL's phytochemical constituents highlight its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, especially against gram-positive bacteria, indicating its potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Further studies are needed to quantify, assess cytotoxicity, and develop CNSL-based products.
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