Yulong Sun, Shuailiang Zhang, Wenping Feng, Yunqi Zhang, Tao Han, Jiteng Wang
{"title":"饲料碳水化合物水平对生物絮团系统中凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料效率和免疫反应的影响","authors":"Yulong Sun, Shuailiang Zhang, Wenping Feng, Yunqi Zhang, Tao Han, Jiteng Wang","doi":"10.3390/metabo15060409","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objective:</b> Over an eight-week period, this study assessed the influence of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth, metabolism, and immunity in Pacific white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) raised within a biofloc technology (BFT) system. <b>Methods:</b> Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, spanning carbohydrate levels from 11% to 47%, were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that dietary carbohydrate significantly impacted both growth performance and feed utilization. The diet containing 38% carbohydrate yielded the best outcomes, resulting in the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, and an optimal feed conversion ratio in the shrimp. Hepatopancreatic metabolic analysis revealed that the shrimp adapted to diets high in carbohydrates through the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes (PK, PFK) and downregulation of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase). By optimizing the water quality and supplementing microbial nutrition, <i>L. vannamei</i> in the BFT system exhibited enhanced dietary carbohydrate utilization and strengthened innate immunity. Specifically, SOD and CAT activities remained largely unaffected by varying carbohydrate levels. However, excessive carbohydrate intake still induced oxidative stress. The high-sugar group (47%) exhibited a significant increase in hemolymph MDA content (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with corresponding metabolic alterations observed in glucose, triglyceride, and total protein levels. On the basis of the results of this study, the BFT system may mitigate the adverse effects of a high-carbohydrate diet by enhancing lysosomal enzyme activity (e.g., ACP) and increasing total protein levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the BFT system enhances shrimp immunity and mitigates the potential adverse effects of imbalanced dietary components. Piecewise regression analysis determined the optimal dietary carbohydrate level for shrimp within the BFT system to be 31.44-31.77%.</p>","PeriodicalId":18496,"journal":{"name":"Metabolites","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195057/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Immune Response in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> Cultured in Biofloc Systems.\",\"authors\":\"Yulong Sun, Shuailiang Zhang, Wenping Feng, Yunqi Zhang, Tao Han, Jiteng Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/metabo15060409\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><b>Background/Objective:</b> Over an eight-week period, this study assessed the influence of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth, metabolism, and immunity in Pacific white shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) raised within a biofloc technology (BFT) system. <b>Methods:</b> Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, spanning carbohydrate levels from 11% to 47%, were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that dietary carbohydrate significantly impacted both growth performance and feed utilization. The diet containing 38% carbohydrate yielded the best outcomes, resulting in the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, and an optimal feed conversion ratio in the shrimp. Hepatopancreatic metabolic analysis revealed that the shrimp adapted to diets high in carbohydrates through the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes (PK, PFK) and downregulation of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase). By optimizing the water quality and supplementing microbial nutrition, <i>L. vannamei</i> in the BFT system exhibited enhanced dietary carbohydrate utilization and strengthened innate immunity. Specifically, SOD and CAT activities remained largely unaffected by varying carbohydrate levels. However, excessive carbohydrate intake still induced oxidative stress. The high-sugar group (47%) exhibited a significant increase in hemolymph MDA content (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with corresponding metabolic alterations observed in glucose, triglyceride, and total protein levels. On the basis of the results of this study, the BFT system may mitigate the adverse effects of a high-carbohydrate diet by enhancing lysosomal enzyme activity (e.g., ACP) and increasing total protein levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the BFT system enhances shrimp immunity and mitigates the potential adverse effects of imbalanced dietary components. 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Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Immune Response in Litopenaeus vannamei Cultured in Biofloc Systems.
Background/Objective: Over an eight-week period, this study assessed the influence of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth, metabolism, and immunity in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) raised within a biofloc technology (BFT) system. Methods: Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, spanning carbohydrate levels from 11% to 47%, were evaluated. Results: The results showed that dietary carbohydrate significantly impacted both growth performance and feed utilization. The diet containing 38% carbohydrate yielded the best outcomes, resulting in the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, and an optimal feed conversion ratio in the shrimp. Hepatopancreatic metabolic analysis revealed that the shrimp adapted to diets high in carbohydrates through the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes (PK, PFK) and downregulation of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase). By optimizing the water quality and supplementing microbial nutrition, L. vannamei in the BFT system exhibited enhanced dietary carbohydrate utilization and strengthened innate immunity. Specifically, SOD and CAT activities remained largely unaffected by varying carbohydrate levels. However, excessive carbohydrate intake still induced oxidative stress. The high-sugar group (47%) exhibited a significant increase in hemolymph MDA content (p < 0.05), with corresponding metabolic alterations observed in glucose, triglyceride, and total protein levels. On the basis of the results of this study, the BFT system may mitigate the adverse effects of a high-carbohydrate diet by enhancing lysosomal enzyme activity (e.g., ACP) and increasing total protein levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the BFT system enhances shrimp immunity and mitigates the potential adverse effects of imbalanced dietary components. Piecewise regression analysis determined the optimal dietary carbohydrate level for shrimp within the BFT system to be 31.44-31.77%.
MetabolitesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
7.30%
发文量
1070
审稿时长
17.17 days
期刊介绍:
Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of metabolism and metabolomics. Metabolites publishes original research articles and review articles in all molecular aspects of metabolism relevant to the fields of metabolomics, metabolic biochemistry, computational and systems biology, biotechnology and medicine, with a particular focus on the biological roles of metabolites and small molecule biomarkers. Metabolites encourages scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Sufficient experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be accurately reproduced. Electronic material representing additional figures, materials and methods explanation, or supporting results and evidence can be submitted with the main manuscript as supplementary material.