Vanessa Exteckoetter, Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira, Karolina Gomes de Figueiredo, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho
{"title":"大豆和玉米用杀虫剂对卵寄生蜂小蜂（膜翅目：小蜂科）的副反应。","authors":"Vanessa Exteckoetter, Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira, Karolina Gomes de Figueiredo, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02913-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybeans. Its control, usually done with insecticides, can reduce natural enemies and cause biological imbalances. One of these enemies is the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, at the highest dosages recommended by the manufacturers to control S. frugiperda, aiming to integrate chemical and biological methods. Insecticides were applied to adult females of T. remus and eggs of S. frugiperda containing the parasitoid in its immature stages (egg-larval and pupa). The experiment was entirely randomized. Survival, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio were evaluated. Chlorpyrifos reduced parasitism of females (F<sub>0</sub>) and emergence of parasitoids (F<sub>1</sub>) by 100% when applied to immature stages, and was classified as harmful by the IOBC. The other insecticides were selective at this stage. Spinetoram and chlorpyrifos were toxic to adult females (F<sub>0</sub>) exposed to residues, causing 100% mortality in less than 24 h. Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were not toxic when applied directly to adult females (F<sub>0</sub>). Due to the low toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and indoxacarb for immature stages, and of indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole for adults, these insecticides should be prioritized in the integrated management of S. frugiperda.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Side effects of insecticides used in soybean and corn on the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae).\",\"authors\":\"Vanessa Exteckoetter, Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira, Karolina Gomes de Figueiredo, Adeney de Freitas Bueno, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10646-025-02913-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybeans. Its control, usually done with insecticides, can reduce natural enemies and cause biological imbalances. One of these enemies is the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, at the highest dosages recommended by the manufacturers to control S. frugiperda, aiming to integrate chemical and biological methods. Insecticides were applied to adult females of T. remus and eggs of S. frugiperda containing the parasitoid in its immature stages (egg-larval and pupa). The experiment was entirely randomized. Survival, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio were evaluated. Chlorpyrifos reduced parasitism of females (F<sub>0</sub>) and emergence of parasitoids (F<sub>1</sub>) by 100% when applied to immature stages, and was classified as harmful by the IOBC. The other insecticides were selective at this stage. Spinetoram and chlorpyrifos were toxic to adult females (F<sub>0</sub>) exposed to residues, causing 100% mortality in less than 24 h. Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were not toxic when applied directly to adult females (F<sub>0</sub>). Due to the low toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and indoxacarb for immature stages, and of indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole for adults, these insecticides should be prioritized in the integrated management of S. frugiperda.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11497,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecotoxicology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecotoxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02913-9\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecotoxicology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02913-9","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Side effects of insecticides used in soybean and corn on the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae).
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybeans. Its control, usually done with insecticides, can reduce natural enemies and cause biological imbalances. One of these enemies is the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, at the highest dosages recommended by the manufacturers to control S. frugiperda, aiming to integrate chemical and biological methods. Insecticides were applied to adult females of T. remus and eggs of S. frugiperda containing the parasitoid in its immature stages (egg-larval and pupa). The experiment was entirely randomized. Survival, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio were evaluated. Chlorpyrifos reduced parasitism of females (F0) and emergence of parasitoids (F1) by 100% when applied to immature stages, and was classified as harmful by the IOBC. The other insecticides were selective at this stage. Spinetoram and chlorpyrifos were toxic to adult females (F0) exposed to residues, causing 100% mortality in less than 24 h. Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were not toxic when applied directly to adult females (F0). Due to the low toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and indoxacarb for immature stages, and of indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole for adults, these insecticides should be prioritized in the integrated management of S. frugiperda.
期刊介绍：
Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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