Neuroregenerative effects of Clitoria ternatea in sciatic nerve crush injury: Morphological, morphometric, and functional analysis in rat model

Background

Sciatic nerve injury, characterised by radiating pain from the lumbosacral region and associated motor-sensory deficits, remains a challenging condition with limited regenerative therapies. Clitoria ternatea (CT), a medicinal plant known for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, has shown promise in promoting nerve regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of CT extract in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury.

Methodology

A total of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: normal, toxicity control, negative control (injury without treatment), positive control (methylcobalamin), and three CT treatment groups (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 days).

Results

Hepatic and renal histology confirmed no toxicity in CT-treated groups. Functional recovery was assessed on days 14 and 28 using walking track analysis, rotarod, toe-spreading reflex, and hot plate tests, all showing significant improvement in CT-treated and positive control groups. Muscle histology (gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus) and weight analysis revealed reduced atrophy and enhanced regeneration, particularly in the high-dose CT and positive groups. Morphometric evaluation using toluidine blue and cresyl violet staining indicated accelerated remyelination and increased neuronal cell body preservation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further demonstrated increased myelin sheath thickness in treated groups.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that CT promotes axonal regrowth and functional recovery without detectable toxicity. This study provides novel preclinical evidence supporting the neuro regenerative and protective potential of Clitoria ternatea in peripheral nerve injuries, highlighting its promise as a plant-based therapeutic candidate for future translational applications.