Wenjie Wang MD , Kexin Wang MD , Guangyuan Chen MD , Jialong Niu MD , Yixuan Liu MD , Zhongke Wang MD , Hailong Ge MD
{"title":"虚弱和心脏代谢疾病的变化","authors":"Wenjie Wang MD , Kexin Wang MD , Guangyuan Chen MD , Jialong Niu MD , Yixuan Liu MD , Zhongke Wang MD , Hailong Ge MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101782","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) include coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Patients who have ≥2 CMD are defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). CMD and CMM have been associated with frailty, but studies are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine the association between frailty index (FI), changes in frailty, and risks of CMD and CMM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Frailty status was classified into 3 categories: robust (FI ≤0.1), pre-frail (FI 0.1-0.25), and frail (FI ≥0.25). Total FI and change in FI (ΔFI) were divided into 3 tertiles. Mendelian randomization was used to clarify the relationship between FI and CMD from a genetic perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 10,022 patients were included (female: 54.0%, median age: 57 years). Robust subjects who progressed to pre-frail/frail status had significantly increased risks of CMD (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.46-1.92) and CMM (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.30-2.50). Participants in the tertile 2 (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31-1.66) and tertile 3 of the total FI group (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.87-2.37) had increased risks of developing CMD, compared with tertile 1. Participants in the upper tertile of the ΔFI group had higher risks of CMD (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.44-1.80) and CMM (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.61-2.66) than those in the first tertile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Progression of frailty status elevates CMD and CMM risks. Higher total FI and ΔFI were also related to increased risks of CMD and CMM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73527,"journal":{"name":"JACC advances","volume":"4 6","pages":"Article 101782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Changes in Frailty and Cardiometabolic Disease\",\"authors\":\"Wenjie Wang MD , Kexin Wang MD , Guangyuan Chen MD , Jialong Niu MD , Yixuan Liu MD , Zhongke Wang MD , Hailong Ge MD\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101782\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) include coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Patients who have ≥2 CMD are defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). CMD and CMM have been associated with frailty, but studies are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine the association between frailty index (FI), changes in frailty, and risks of CMD and CMM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Frailty status was classified into 3 categories: robust (FI ≤0.1), pre-frail (FI 0.1-0.25), and frail (FI ≥0.25). Total FI and change in FI (ΔFI) were divided into 3 tertiles. Mendelian randomization was used to clarify the relationship between FI and CMD from a genetic perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 10,022 patients were included (female: 54.0%, median age: 57 years). Robust subjects who progressed to pre-frail/frail status had significantly increased risks of CMD (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.46-1.92) and CMM (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.30-2.50). Participants in the tertile 2 (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31-1.66) and tertile 3 of the total FI group (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.87-2.37) had increased risks of developing CMD, compared with tertile 1. Participants in the upper tertile of the ΔFI group had higher risks of CMD (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.44-1.80) and CMM (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.61-2.66) than those in the first tertile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Progression of frailty status elevates CMD and CMM risks. Higher total FI and ΔFI were also related to increased risks of CMD and CMM.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73527,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"JACC advances\",\"volume\":\"4 6\",\"pages\":\"Article 101782\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"JACC advances\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25002005\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"JACC advances","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25002005","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) include coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Patients who have ≥2 CMD are defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). CMD and CMM have been associated with frailty, but studies are limited.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the association between frailty index (FI), changes in frailty, and risks of CMD and CMM.
Methods
Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Frailty status was classified into 3 categories: robust (FI ≤0.1), pre-frail (FI 0.1-0.25), and frail (FI ≥0.25). Total FI and change in FI (ΔFI) were divided into 3 tertiles. Mendelian randomization was used to clarify the relationship between FI and CMD from a genetic perspective.
Results
A total of 10,022 patients were included (female: 54.0%, median age: 57 years). Robust subjects who progressed to pre-frail/frail status had significantly increased risks of CMD (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.46-1.92) and CMM (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.30-2.50). Participants in the tertile 2 (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31-1.66) and tertile 3 of the total FI group (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.87-2.37) had increased risks of developing CMD, compared with tertile 1. Participants in the upper tertile of the ΔFI group had higher risks of CMD (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.44-1.80) and CMM (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.61-2.66) than those in the first tertile.
Conclusions
Progression of frailty status elevates CMD and CMM risks. Higher total FI and ΔFI were also related to increased risks of CMD and CMM.
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