A comprehensive review on CRISPR-Cas9 in revolutionizing food and agricultural sectors

Global population is increasing enormously and may reach to 9.7 billion upto 2050. This rise poses critical challenges to food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture. Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) can emerge as a game-changing technology that can revolutionize food production, promise for global food security and address future challenges sustainably. By enabling precise genetic modifications, CRISPR-Cas9 has assisted the development of higher-yield, pest-resistant, and climate-tolerant crops while improving the quality and safety of foods. Furthermore, its application in livestock has accelerated the production of disease-resistant, environmentally sustainable breeds with enhanced nutritional profiles. CRISPR's plays a role in creating allergen-free, fortified, and long-lasting food products, contributing to the health and well-being of global populations. Despite its transformative potential, ethical, regulatory, and socio-economic considerations surrounding CRISPR technology remain critical. The current review emphasizes the significance of CRISPR Cas-9 in improving and enhancing the quality and production quantity of various food crops and animal breeds. By bridging the gap between scientific innovation and practical application, CRISPR-Cas9 has set the stage for an ecological and irrepressible food system. This comprehensive overview assists as a valuable source for researchers, policymakers, and industrial professionals directing to harness CRISPR for a future-ready food industry. Despite of its potential applicability, CRISPR-Cas9 is facing ethical, regulatory uncertainty, and public concerns. Practical challenges like off-target effects and delivery mechanisms limit extensive applicability of CRISPR-Cas9. Additionally, Unpredictable global strategies and inadequate awareness hamper the integration of CRISPR in mainstream agriculture.