An overview of the feasibility of nanomedicine in pancreatic cancer theranostics.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the top causes of cancer-induced mortality, frequently diagnosed too late to be treated effectively, due to the poor prognosis and the limited successful therapeutic options. Apart from the conventional treatments, new multimodal therapies have emerged utilizing different scientific fields for the improvement of the survival and quality of patients' lives. The advancement of nanotechnology leads the way to more personalized medicine and the use of targeted theranostics carriers for deep-seated cancers such as PDAC. New nanotechnology innovations such as specialized photo-sensitizing drug nanocarriers, can effectively improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) of PDAC and enhance phototherapy's action through surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, as another recently re-emerged non- or minimally invasive possible treatment of such diseases. Despite the scientific advancements, significant hurdles remain and many parameters need to be examined. However, the novel application of nano-biophotonic techniques and the convergence of different science fields offer promise for the treatment of difficult-to-treat diseases, like PDAC.