[Relationship between 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy and maternal blood glucose, lipids with maternal and neonatal immunity indicators].

Objective: To investigate the vitamin D nutritional status of women in Guangzhou during pregnancy, and explore the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels during pregnancy and maternal blood glucose, blood lipids, and immune indicators of both mothers and newborns.

Methods: A total of 533 pregnant women who were scheduled to give birth in the Maternal and Child Health Hospitals of Yuexiu and Baiyun Districts of Guangzhou from September 2010 to February 2011 were selected as the study subjects, and baseline information on maternal age, pre-pregnancy height and weight was collected through questionnaires, and dietary habits and dietary intake were collected by using a 3-day, 24-hour dietary review method. Fasting venous blood was collected from pregnant women at 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy, and umbilical cord blood was collected from newborns at the time of delivery, to follow up the delivery of pregnant women and the birth of newborns, such as gestational age and weight, and other basic information. Serum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and immunocytokine levels were measured in pregnant women and immunoglobulin and cytokine levels were measured in umbilical cord blood of newborns. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal 25(OH)D levels and maternal blood glucose, lipids, with maternal and neonatal immune indicators.

Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was(27.3±4.2) years, the mean gestational age at birth of the newborns was(39±1) weeks, and the mean birth weight was(3229.7±375.3) g. The M(P25, P75) of the serum 25(OH)D levels of the pregnant women was 47.05(35.10, 59.60) nmol/L. Serum 25(OH)D levels of the pregnant women showed a negative correlation with the pregnant women's fasting blood glucose and blood lipids(blood glucose(GLU): r_s=-0.177; total cholesterol(TC): r_s=-0.152; triglycerides(TG): r_s=-0.176; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C): r_s=-0.132; and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C): r_s=-0.161)(P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounding variables such as maternal age, gestational week of delivery, and pre-pregnancy BMI, multiple linear regression analyses showed that maternal serum 25(OH)D levels were still negatively correlated with maternal fasting glucose and lipids(GLU: β=-0.008; TC: β=-0.015; TG: β=-0.011; LDL-C: β=-0.008; HDL-C: β=-0.004)(P<0.05). Maternal serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with maternal interferon-γ(IFN-γ)(r_s=-0.173, P<0.05) and positively correlated with maternal interleukin-6(IL-6)(r_s=0.225, P<0.05) and neonatal IL-6 levels(r_s=0.140, P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounding variables such as maternal age, gestational week of delivery, and pre-pregnancy BMI, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that maternal serum 25(OH)D levels were still negatively associated with maternal IFN-γ(β=-0.210, P<0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, vitamin D levels in pregnant women were generally insufficient or deficient, and maternal serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with pregnant women's fasting blood glucose and blood lipids, and negatively correlated with pregnant women's immune indicator IFN-γ levels.