Long-term outcomes of post-transplant biliary anastomotic strictures: Endoscopic therapy with plastic and metal stents.

Background: Biliary anastomotic stricture (BAS) occurs in approximately 14%-20% of patients post-orthotopic liver transplantation (post-OLT). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using multiple plastic stents (MPSs) or fully covered self-expandable metal stents (cSEMSs) represent the standard treatment for BAS post-OLT. Recently, cSEMSs have emerged as the primary option for managing BAS post-OLT.

Aim: To compare the resolution and recurrence of BAS rates in these patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary care center (Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil). We reported the results of endoscopic therapy in patients with post-OLT BAS between 2012 and 2022. Patients were stratified into two groups according to therapy: (1) MPSs; and (2) cSEMSs. Primary endpoints were to compare stricture resolution and recurrence among the groups. The secondary endpoint was to identify predictive factors for stricture recurrence.

Results: A total of 104 patients were included. Overall stricture resolution was 101/104 (97.1%). Stricture resolution was achieved in 83/84 patients (99%) in the cSEMS group and 18/20 patients (90%) in the MPS group (P = 0.094). Failure occurred in 3/104 patients (2.8%). Stricture recurrence occurred in 9/104 patients (8.7%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed there was no difference in recurrence-free time among the groups (P = 0.201). A multivariate analysis identified the number of ERCP procedures (hazard ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.194-1.619; P < 0.001] and complications (hazard ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.008-7.724; P = 0.048) as predictors of stricture recurrence.

Conclusion: cSEMSs and MPSs were effective and comparable regarding BAS post-OLT resolution and recurrence. The number of ERCP procedures and complications were predictors of stricture recurrence.