Emerging strategies in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention: from biomechanics to neuromuscular training.

The adverse consequences of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries on athlete performance and recovery time have made them a major issue in sports medicine. In fact, women's ACL injury rates have remained unchanged for more than 20 years, and they are 3-6 times more likely to get an injury than males. Although a large body of research has examined biomechanical risk factors (e.g. incorrect knee alignment or joint stress during sports activities), very little has been done to explicitly link these biomechanical insights to neuromuscular training regimens. For athletes who run the risk of suffering an ACL injury, proper prophylaxis and prevention are essential, especially for non-contact injuries. A thorough knowledge of the processes, risk factors, and aetiological factors behind sports injuries is necessary for adequate prevention. This paper aims to present a thorough overview of ACL, emphasizing the role of biomechanics in ACL and neuromuscular training programmes.