Sungjin Park, Jaeyoung Park, Bumjoon Lee, Yi-Ryoung Lee, Jiho Kim, Younmo Cho, Hyeongyeong Choi, Kyeongyeon Kim
{"title":"韩国民用室内射击场工人的职业性铅暴露：血铅水平和空气中铅的报告。","authors":"Sungjin Park, Jaeyoung Park, Bumjoon Lee, Yi-Ryoung Lee, Jiho Kim, Younmo Cho, Hyeongyeong Choi, Kyeongyeon Kim","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e116","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indoor shooting ranges have emerged as a major source of lead exposure. However, occupational lead exposure in civilian indoor shooting ranges has been understudied in South Korea. This study aimed to assess blood lead levels (BLLs) and airborne lead concentrations among workers at these establishments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive observational study included 21 workers from three indoor shooting ranges in South Korea. BLL was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and airborne lead concentrations were assessed using personal air sampling devices. Data regarding occupational history, job type, and work area were collected through interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean BLL among workers was 39.82 µg/dL, with shooting coaches exhibiting the highest levels, substantially exceeding those of the general population. Airborne lead concentrations near firing zones were approximately seven times higher than the occupational exposure limit. Both air lead levels and BLL differed significantly based on job role and work area within the shooting ranges, showing a strong correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights considerable lead exposure in civilian indoor shooting ranges, indicating the urgent need for improved safety regulations and preventive measures to mitigate lead exposure risks. Enhanced ventilation systems, regular health screenings, and better education on safety practices are recommended to protect workers' health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 24","pages":"e116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185985/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Occupational Lead Exposure Among Civilian Indoor Shooting Range Workers in Korea: A Report of Blood Lead Levels and Airborne Lead.\",\"authors\":\"Sungjin Park, Jaeyoung Park, Bumjoon Lee, Yi-Ryoung Lee, Jiho Kim, Younmo Cho, Hyeongyeong Choi, Kyeongyeon Kim\",\"doi\":\"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e116\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indoor shooting ranges have emerged as a major source of lead exposure. However, occupational lead exposure in civilian indoor shooting ranges has been understudied in South Korea. This study aimed to assess blood lead levels (BLLs) and airborne lead concentrations among workers at these establishments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive observational study included 21 workers from three indoor shooting ranges in South Korea. BLL was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and airborne lead concentrations were assessed using personal air sampling devices. Data regarding occupational history, job type, and work area were collected through interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean BLL among workers was 39.82 µg/dL, with shooting coaches exhibiting the highest levels, substantially exceeding those of the general population. Airborne lead concentrations near firing zones were approximately seven times higher than the occupational exposure limit. Both air lead levels and BLL differed significantly based on job role and work area within the shooting ranges, showing a strong correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights considerable lead exposure in civilian indoor shooting ranges, indicating the urgent need for improved safety regulations and preventive measures to mitigate lead exposure risks. Enhanced ventilation systems, regular health screenings, and better education on safety practices are recommended to protect workers' health.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16249,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Korean Medical Science\",\"volume\":\"40 24\",\"pages\":\"e116\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185985/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Korean Medical Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e116\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e116","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupational Lead Exposure Among Civilian Indoor Shooting Range Workers in Korea: A Report of Blood Lead Levels and Airborne Lead.
Background: Indoor shooting ranges have emerged as a major source of lead exposure. However, occupational lead exposure in civilian indoor shooting ranges has been understudied in South Korea. This study aimed to assess blood lead levels (BLLs) and airborne lead concentrations among workers at these establishments.
Methods: This descriptive observational study included 21 workers from three indoor shooting ranges in South Korea. BLL was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and airborne lead concentrations were assessed using personal air sampling devices. Data regarding occupational history, job type, and work area were collected through interviews.
Results: The mean BLL among workers was 39.82 µg/dL, with shooting coaches exhibiting the highest levels, substantially exceeding those of the general population. Airborne lead concentrations near firing zones were approximately seven times higher than the occupational exposure limit. Both air lead levels and BLL differed significantly based on job role and work area within the shooting ranges, showing a strong correlation.
Conclusion: This study highlights considerable lead exposure in civilian indoor shooting ranges, indicating the urgent need for improved safety regulations and preventive measures to mitigate lead exposure risks. Enhanced ventilation systems, regular health screenings, and better education on safety practices are recommended to protect workers' health.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Korean Medical Science (JKMS) is an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal of medicine published weekly in English. The Journal’s publisher is the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMS), Korean Medical Association (KMA). JKMS aims to publish evidence-based, scientific research articles from various disciplines of the medical sciences. The Journal welcomes articles of general interest to medical researchers especially when they contain original information. Articles on the clinical evaluation of drugs and other therapies, epidemiologic studies of the general population, studies on pathogenic organisms and toxic materials, and the toxicities and adverse effects of therapeutics are welcome.
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