大数据和心血管风险——对肥胖、糖尿病和冠心病的洞察。

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Herz Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI:10.1007/s00059-025-05323-z
Marcus Dörr
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:心血管疾病(CVD)仍然是全球主要的健康负担。肥胖和2型糖尿病(T2DM)是冠心病(CHD)的关键可改变危险因素。大数据的出现通过实现更深层次的风险分层和检测临床、生活方式和分子变量之间复杂的相互作用,彻底改变了心血管研究。目的:本文回顾了大数据如何提高我们对肥胖、2型糖尿病和冠心病之间联系的认识。它强调了大型队列研究和国际联盟的主要发现,以及改变心血管流行病学的方法创新。结果:数据显示,肥胖和糖尿病的患病率和发病率存在显著的地区差异,并与高血压等其他危险因素相关。大规模的队列研究和研究已经证实,糖尿病可使心血管疾病和死亡风险显著增加2 - 4倍,并与高达75%的死亡率相关,发病早和血糖控制不良会使预后恶化。包括多基因风险评分、机器学习和现实世界数据集成在内的新方法改进了预测和因果推理。肥胖和糖尿病之间的相互作用是冠心病负担的主要驱动因素。结论:大数据增强了我们对肥胖和糖尿病相关心血管风险的认识,完善了风险预测模型,为制定精准预防策略提供了基础。为了将这些见解转化为有效的公共卫生战略并减少全球心血管疾病负担,对大规模队列、数据统一和数字卫生工具的持续投资至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Big data and cardiovascular risk-insights into obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major global health burden. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are key modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The emergence of big data has revolutionized cardiovascular research by enabling deeper risk stratification and detection of complex interactions among clinical, lifestyle, and molecular variables.

Objective: This article reviews how big data has advanced our understanding of the links between obesity, T2DM, and CHD. It highlights key findings from large cohort studies and international consortia as well as methodological innovations transforming cardiovascular epidemiology.

Results: The data reveal that obesity and diabetes show significant regional differences in prevalence and incidence and are associated with other risk factor such as hypertension. Large-scale cohorts and consortia have confirmed that diabetes substantially increases CVD and mortality risk two- to fourfold and is linked to an up to 75% higher mortality rate, with earlier onset and poor glycemic control worsening outcomes. Novel approaches, including polygenic risk scores, machine learning, and real-world data integration, have improved prediction and causal inference. The interplay between obesity and diabetes is a major driver of CHD burden.

Conclusion: Big data has enhanced our understanding of cardiovascular risks associated with obesity and diabetes, improved risk prediction models, and provided a foundation for precision prevention strategies. Continued investment in large cohorts, data harmonization, and digital health tools is essential in order to translate these insights into effective public health strategies and reduce the global CVD burden.

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来源期刊
Herz
Herz 医学-心血管系统
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.90%
发文量
61
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Herz is the high-level journal for further education for all physicians interested in cardiology. The individual issues of the journal each deal with specific topics and comprise review articles in English and German written by competent and esteemed authors. They provide up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the speciality dealt with in the issue. Due to the fact that all relevant aspects of the pertinent topic of an issue are considered, an overview of the current status and progress in cardiology is presented. Reviews and original articles round off the spectrum of information provided.
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