小学一年级至四年级儿童体育活动变化与父母文化程度、家庭健康氛围相关:一项针对小学学龄儿童的纵向研究。

IF 2.6 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living Pub Date : 2025-06-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fspor.2025.1537854
Alexandra Ziegeldorf, Christina Niermann, Andreas Speer, Heike Streicher, Petra Wagner, Hagen Wulff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:尽管身体活动对健康有众所周知的好处,但81%的青少年缺乏身体活动。总的来说,研究表明,在儿童期和儿童期到青春期,身体活动随着年龄的增长而减少。然而,身体活动并不是对所有孩子都有统一的变化,个体之间的变化是不同的。有几项研究考察了不同变化模式的相关性和预测因素。然而,关注家庭环境因素的研究很少。本研究考察了两类家庭环境影响因素——父母受教育程度和体育活动相关家庭健康气候对小学一至四年级体育活动变化模式的相关性。方法:采用来自KOMPASS(2)研究的纵向数据集(n = 497)进行分析。采用家长问卷对家长的受教育程度、家庭健康氛围、儿童的整体体育活动和参加有组织的体育活动进行测量。我们组成了四组来绘制儿童整体身体活动和参与有组织体育活动(一至四年级)的变化模式:(1)两个时间点都没有/不够参与,(2)从没有/不够参与到(足够)参与,(3)从(足够)参与到没有/不够(足够)参与,(4)两个时间点都(足够)参与。数据分析采用多项逻辑回归。结果:半数以上(53.5%)儿童处于“持续运动不足”状态,其中女生比例较高。在参加有组织的体育运动方面,大多数儿童(56.1%)被分配到“连续有组织的体育运动”变化模式。结果显示,根据父母的教育程度和儿童的性别,整体体育活动模式存在差异。母亲受过高等教育的女孩和孩子在小学期间持续缺乏体育锻炼的风险更高。有组织的体育活动方式与家长的文化程度和家庭健康氛围有关。父母受教育程度较高和家庭健康气候得分较高的儿童不积极参加有组织的体育运动的风险较低。讨论:本研究调查了小学1 ~ 4年级不同体育活动模式变化的特点。它强调了区分不同类型体育活动的重要性,因为儿童的性别、父母的教育水平和家庭健康气候以不同的方式预测总体体育活动和有组织的体育参与。这是第一项关注小学阶段变化模式的研究,并强调了之前关于体育活动早期减少的发现。结果表明,进入教育系统可能是开始干预的好时机。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Changes of children's physical activity from 1st to 4th grade are related to parents' educational level and Family Health Climate: a longitudinal study with primary school-aged children.

Introduction: Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity, 81% of adolescents are physically inactive. Overall, studies showed that physical activity decreases with age during childhood and from childhood to adolescence. However, physical activity does not change uniformly for all children, the changes differ inter-individually. There are several studies that examine correlates and predictors of different patterns of change. However, studies focusing on family environmental factors are rare. The current study examines the relevance of two types of family environmental influences-parents' educational level and the Physical activity related Family Health Climate-for physical activity change patterns from first to fourth grade in primary school.

Methods: Longitudinal data sets from the KOMPASS(2) study (n = 497) were used for analyses. Parents' educational level, Family Health Climate and children's overall physical activity as well as their engagement in organized sports were measured using parent questionnaires. Four groups were formed to map patterns of change for both children's overall physical activity and for their engagement in organized sports (1st to 4th grade): (1) no/not enough engagement at both time points, (2) a change from no/not enough engagement to (enough) engagement, (3) a change from (enough) engagement to no/not (enough) engagement and (4) (enough) engagement at both time points. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.

Results: More than half of the children (53.5%) were in the pattern "continuously insufficient physical activity", with a higher proportion of girls. For participation in organized sport, most children (56.1%) were assigned to the "continuous organized sport" pattern of change. Results showed differences in overall physical activity patterns according to parents' educational level and children's sex. Girls and children with highly educated mothers had an increased risk of being continuously physically inactive over the course of primary school. Organized sport patterns are related to parents' educational level and Family Health Climate. Children with higher educated parents and a higher Family Health Climate score had a lower risk of not being active in organized sport.

Discussion: The study investigated characteristics of different patterns of physical activity change from 1st to 4th grade during primary school. It highlights the importance of differentiating between different types of physical activity as children's sex, parents' educational level and the Family Health Climate predicted overall physical activity and organized sports participation in different ways. This is the first study focusing on change patterns during primary school and stresses previous findings of an early decline of physical activity. The results indicate that the entry in the educational system might be a good time to start with interventions.

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CiteScore
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