Mössbauer spectroscopy for dolerite provenance characterization in Valencia region: A proof of concept

The determination of the ophitic rock provenance is of key importance for understanding the trade networks, mobility patterns, and resource exploitation strategies of Neolithic communities, as these rocks were extensively used to produce polished tools such as axes and adzes. Their role in agricultural practices and woodland management highlights their significance in the socioeconomic and cultural transformations that characterized the Neolithic period in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula. By tracing the origins and circulation of these materials, we can gain valuable insights into the interactions, technological choices, and adaptive strategies of early agrarian societies. This study evaluates the use of Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MoS) to distinguish rocks collected from different outcrops. MoS is a powerful technique which provides detailed information on the crystal structure, magnetic state, valence state and phase composition. In this study Fe⁵⁷ MoS which detects the iron containing phases was used. In the ophitic samples a range of iron phases were identified including magnetite, maghemite, hematite. The phase composition of samples taken from several different outcrops were compared showing differences. This may allow the use of MoS, in combination with other techniques such as XRF, petrography, as a tool in the determination of ophitic artifact provenance.