Assessment of TSPO Gene Expression Levels in Colorectal Cancer Tumors: A Paired Sample Study

Background and Aim

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early detection through screening is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Advanced stages of CRC are frequently associated with distant metastasis, posing significant challenges to treatment. This study aimed to assess Translocator Protein (TSPO) gene expression as a potential indicator of invasive behavior in CRC patients. It explored its utility as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods

In this case–control study, 50 samples were collected from 25 patients with CRC who had undergone colectomy. These included 25 colorectal tumor tissues (case) and 25 non-tumor marginal tissues (control). RNA was extracted and assessed for TSPO gene expression using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The data were analyzed using Relative Expression Software Tool (REST) to determine gene expression levels. SPSS version 24 was used for all statistical analyses.

Results

A significant increase in TSPO gene expression was observed in CRC tumor tissues compared to normal samples (p < 0.001). This elevated expression was significantly associated with tumor grade (p < 0.05), suggesting a link with disease severity. However, no significant differences in TSPO expression were found between tumor and non-tumor groups when analyzed by sex (male vs. female) or age (< 50 vs. > 50 years).

Conclusion

TSPO gene expression is elevated in colorectal tumor tissues and is significantly associated with tumor grade. These findings suggest a potential role for TSPO in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Recognizing the relationship between these genes in the differentiation of changes in CRC cells, especially in clinical trials, can be crucial in finding and controlling the mechanisms involved.