Evaluating the Role of Energy Management Systems in Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Sustainability of Mini-Grids in Malawi

This study evaluates the role of energy management systems (EMS) in enhancing the operational performance, cost-efficiency and sustainability of mini-grids (MGs) in Malawi. Drawing on survey data from MG operators, the study analyses key technical parameters and MG monitoring performance practices, including voltage and frequency monitoring, load balancing and fault detection. The findings highlight EMS's critical role in reducing system downtime, improving operational reliability and enabling effective renewable energy (RE) integration. A cost-wise analysis of capital expenditure (CAPEX) per kW reveals significant disparities among operators, with larger systems achieving better economies of scale through advanced EMS functionalities. Despite the EMS benefits, adoption is constrained by high CAPEX, limited technical expertise and resource constraints. The study recommends strategies such as tailored cost-effective EMS solutions, capacity-building initiatives for MG operators and policy interventions to overcome these barriers. These solutions can significantly enhance MG systems' long-term sustainability and scalability in grid-connected and autonomous settings. Future research should focus on advancing EMS technologies, developing benchmarking frameworks and formulating regulatory support mechanisms to facilitate broader EMS adoption in Malawi and similar contexts.