Cation doping engineering of metal halide perovskites for high-energy X-ray exploration

Although metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown great advantages as scintillators due to their high quantum efficiency, short luminescence lifetime, low preparation cost, and ease of processing, their further commercialization is still limited due to the challenges such as poor radiative stability, reabsorption, and mismatch between their performance and applications. It is noteworthy that cation doping engineering has been evidenced as an effective solution to overcome these problems faced by MHPs scintillators. To this end, we provide a comprehensive summary of cationic doping engineering used for MHPs scintillators. Foundational theoretical knowledge, including configuration of MHPs and cation doping mechanisms, is first introduced. Multiple technical methods used to introduce impurity cations into MHPs are also discussed. We then discuss in detail the positive impact of cation doping engineering on the scintillation performances of MHPs and their corresponding advanced applications. Finally, we explore the future prospects of cation-doped MHPs scintillators in light of recent advances. This review aims to inspire researchers to explore the next generation of cation-doped MHPs scintillators and to extend their applications.