Harnessing Z-scheme mechanism for the degradation of methyl orange and sulfamethoxazole using magnesium aluminate and bismuth oxide nanocomposite

Advanced photocatalytic systems are a critical area of research in addressing global water pollution challenges. This study investigates the coactive effect of MgAl₂O₄/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposite for the degradation of organic pollutants, specifically methyl orange and sulfamethoxazole. The nanocomposite was synthesized using conventional solid-state method and characterized by analytical techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the MgAl₂O₄/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposite was evaluated under visible light and UV light irradiation. Results demonstrated that enhanced degradation efficiency using composite for both methyl orange and sulfamethoxazole compared to individual MgAl₂O₄ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles. The nanocomposite exhibited 94 % degradation of methyl orange and 95 % degradation of sulfamethoxazole within 120 min and 60 min under optimized conditions. The synergistic effect was attributed to improve the charge separation and enhanced light absorption. The nanocomposite exhibited excellent stability and reusability even after four cycles. This study highlights the potential of MgAl₂O₄/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposite as an efficient and sustainable photocatalyst for the remediation of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment applications.