呼吸微粒测量研究的系统综述及一种人体呼吸、咳嗽和发声过程中微粒排放测量的新方法

IF 2.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Anna Tuhkuri Matvejeff , Ville Silvonen , Paavo Heikkilä , Enni Sanmark , Jani Hakala , Niina Kuittinen , Ahmed Geneid , Anne-Maria Laukkanen , Paavo Alku , Lotta-Maria Oksanen , Topi Rönkkö , Aimo Taipale , Sampo Saari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在SARS-CoV-2大流行的推动下,使用各种方法对人类呼吸道颗粒特征的研究大大增加。我们的目标是回顾以前使用的方法,并开发一种高度控制的方法来测量人类呼吸,咳嗽和声音产生过程中的呼吸道颗粒排放。根据PRISMA 2020原则,于2024年1月对三个数据库(Ovid Medline、Web of Science和Scopus)进行了系统检索。定性分析纳入了77项原始研究。在以前的颗粒测量研究中,关于设置、仪器、协议和报告的方法存在相当大的差异。我们确定了六个关键设置,并讨论了诸如相对湿度、颗粒损失和稀释等因素。我们还介绍了我们的新装置,包括一个无颗粒空气供应的测量室,漏斗型样品入口和实时颗粒测量仪器,以研究绝对和时间分辨的呼出气溶胶排放率。颗粒的干燥和稀释过程以及颗粒损失都得到了很好的控制。二氧化碳测量用于样品稀释和呼出流量估计。可选的声压测量提供校准的绝对值。基本频率和声门电图登记也包括作为可选的工具来研究声音的产生。我们的装置报告了0.004-10 μm范围内呼吸、咳嗽、说话和唱歌过程中粒子数浓度、质量浓度、粒子数发射和质量发射率的准确数据,因此成功测量了超细颗粒。我们还报告了声压和二氧化碳对颗粒排放的积极影响。增强的颗粒排放测量方法提高了我们对空气传播和人体生理学的理解,为减少空气传播的风险提供了工具。我们提出了一套改进报告的关键方法参数,包括稀释、颗粒干燥、采样损失和声压的记录。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Systematic review of respiratory particle measurement studies and a new method for human particle emission measurement during breathing, coughing, and voice production
Spurred by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been a considerable increase in research on human respiratory particle characterization using diverse methodologies. Our objective was to review previous methods used and to develop a highly controlled method for measuring human respiratory particle emissions during breathing, coughing, and voice production. A systematic search from three databases (Ovid Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus) was carried out in January 2024 according to the PRISMA 2020 principles. 77 original studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Considerable variation was noted in the methodology of previous particle measurement studies regarding setups, instrumentation, protocols, and reporting. We identified six key setups and discuss factors such as relative humidity, particle losses, and dilution for each.
We also present our novel setup, comprising a measurement chamber with particle-free air supply, funnel-type sample inlet, and real-time particle measurement instruments to investigate the absolute and time-resolved exhaled aerosol emission rates. The drying and dilution processes of particles, as well as particle losses, are well controlled. CO2 measurements are utilized for sample dilution and exhaled flow estimation. Optional sound pressure measurement provides calibrated absolute values. Fundamental frequency and electroglottography registration are also included as optional tools for studying voice production. Our setup reports accurate data on particle number concentration, mass concentration, particle number emission, and mass emission rates during breathing, coughing, speaking, and singing in the size range 0.004–10 μm, therefore succeeding in measuring ultrafine particles. We also report a positive effect of sound pressure and CO2 on particle emissions.
Enhanced methods for particle emission measurements improve our understanding of airborne transmission and human physiology, providing tools to minimize the risk of airborne transmission. We propose a set of key methodological parameters for improved reporting, including the documentation of dilution, particle drying, sampling losses and sound pressure.
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来源期刊
Journal of Aerosol Science
Journal of Aerosol Science 环境科学-工程:化工
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
8.90%
发文量
127
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Founded in 1970, the Journal of Aerosol Science considers itself the prime vehicle for the publication of original work as well as reviews related to fundamental and applied aerosol research, as well as aerosol instrumentation. Its content is directed at scientists working in engineering disciplines, as well as physics, chemistry, and environmental sciences. The editors welcome submissions of papers describing recent experimental, numerical, and theoretical research related to the following topics: 1. Fundamental Aerosol Science. 2. Applied Aerosol Science. 3. Instrumentation & Measurement Methods.
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