{"title":"人兽共患和嗜人毛癣菌复合感染：最新进展和叙述综述。","authors":"Settanan Plangsiri, Roberto Arenas, Teerapong Rattananukrom","doi":"10.1111/myc.70082","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex comprises dermatophytes responsible for common superficial fungal infections affecting keratinised tissues. Recent shifts in taxonomy and increasing antifungal resistance-necessitate an updated understanding of this fungal complex.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review provides a comprehensive update on the taxonomy, host immune response and clinical genotyping of the T. mentagrophytes complex, with a focus on zoonotic and anthropophilic infections in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and Scopus using MeSH terms and relevant keywords related to T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, and T. indotineae. Eligible English-language publications up to March 2025-including original research, case reports, reviews and guidelines-were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T. mentagrophytes complex includes several genotypes with distinct transmission profiles. Genotypes III/III* are primarily zoonotic; genotype VII is sexually transmitted, especially in MSM populations; genotype VIII (T. indotineae) is anthropophilic and associated with terbinafine resistance. Infection involves keratinocyte adhesion, enzymatic skin barrier degradation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly Th1 and Th17 responses, are critical for fungal clearance, whereas chronic infections are associated with impaired T-cell function and skewed Th2 responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emerging genotypes and drug resistance within the T. mentagrophytes complex pose increasing clinical challenges. Awareness of transmission patterns, immune evasion mechanisms and resistance profiles is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of dermatophytosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"68 6","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181758/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Zoonotic and Anthropophilic Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Infection in Human: An Update and Narrative Review.\",\"authors\":\"Settanan Plangsiri, Roberto Arenas, Teerapong Rattananukrom\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/myc.70082\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex comprises dermatophytes responsible for common superficial fungal infections affecting keratinised tissues. Recent shifts in taxonomy and increasing antifungal resistance-necessitate an updated understanding of this fungal complex.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review provides a comprehensive update on the taxonomy, host immune response and clinical genotyping of the T. mentagrophytes complex, with a focus on zoonotic and anthropophilic infections in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and Scopus using MeSH terms and relevant keywords related to T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, and T. indotineae. Eligible English-language publications up to March 2025-including original research, case reports, reviews and guidelines-were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T. mentagrophytes complex includes several genotypes with distinct transmission profiles. Genotypes III/III* are primarily zoonotic; genotype VII is sexually transmitted, especially in MSM populations; genotype VIII (T. indotineae) is anthropophilic and associated with terbinafine resistance. Infection involves keratinocyte adhesion, enzymatic skin barrier degradation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly Th1 and Th17 responses, are critical for fungal clearance, whereas chronic infections are associated with impaired T-cell function and skewed Th2 responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emerging genotypes and drug resistance within the T. mentagrophytes complex pose increasing clinical challenges. Awareness of transmission patterns, immune evasion mechanisms and resistance profiles is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of dermatophytosis.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18797,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mycoses\",\"volume\":\"68 6\",\"pages\":\"e70082\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181758/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Mycoses\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.70082\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DERMATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mycoses","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.70082","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoonotic and Anthropophilic Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Infection in Human: An Update and Narrative Review.
Background: Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex comprises dermatophytes responsible for common superficial fungal infections affecting keratinised tissues. Recent shifts in taxonomy and increasing antifungal resistance-necessitate an updated understanding of this fungal complex.
Objective: This narrative review provides a comprehensive update on the taxonomy, host immune response and clinical genotyping of the T. mentagrophytes complex, with a focus on zoonotic and anthropophilic infections in humans.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and Scopus using MeSH terms and relevant keywords related to T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, and T. indotineae. Eligible English-language publications up to March 2025-including original research, case reports, reviews and guidelines-were included.
Results: The T. mentagrophytes complex includes several genotypes with distinct transmission profiles. Genotypes III/III* are primarily zoonotic; genotype VII is sexually transmitted, especially in MSM populations; genotype VIII (T. indotineae) is anthropophilic and associated with terbinafine resistance. Infection involves keratinocyte adhesion, enzymatic skin barrier degradation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly Th1 and Th17 responses, are critical for fungal clearance, whereas chronic infections are associated with impaired T-cell function and skewed Th2 responses.
Conclusion: Emerging genotypes and drug resistance within the T. mentagrophytes complex pose increasing clinical challenges. Awareness of transmission patterns, immune evasion mechanisms and resistance profiles is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of dermatophytosis.
期刊介绍：
The journal Mycoses provides an international forum for original papers in English on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis, and epidemiology of fungal infectious diseases in humans as well as on the biology of pathogenic fungi.
Medical mycology as part of medical microbiology is advancing rapidly. Effective therapeutic strategies are already available in chemotherapy and are being further developed. Their application requires reliable laboratory diagnostic techniques, which, in turn, result from mycological basic research. Opportunistic mycoses vary greatly in their clinical and pathological symptoms, because the underlying disease of a patient at risk decisively determines their symptomatology and progress. The journal Mycoses is therefore of interest to scientists in fundamental mycological research, mycological laboratory diagnosticians and clinicians interested in fungal infections.
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