Elektrowärmeversorgung von Gebäuden mit Photovoltaik

Electric heating supply of buildings with photovoltaics

The heat supply of buildings, which for many years was largely ensured by oil and gas, is changing through the use of heat pumps and will thus become an electricity-based energy supply in the future. This is largely dominated by the large electricity producers, but the trend is towards securing part of the required energy using photovoltaics in one's own building. Due to the improved insulation of buildings with ever lower heat requirements, it is becoming interesting from an ecological and economic point of view to align the heat requirement of the building solely with the supply of electrical energy and to generate the majority of this heat energy yourself. This hypothesis is to be examined in this study. With a correspondingly low heat requirement of less than 6000 kWh, it should be possible - with appropriate efficient system technology and photovoltaic area - to achieve a level of self-sufficiency of 75 %. This means that the building must obtain the same amount of electricity from the supplier for the remaining heating of 1250 kWh as a heat pump with an annual performance factor of 4 would require in the same year. With this assumption, it is important to investigate the size of a storage battery and the area of a photovoltaic system. The ratio of usable photovoltaic area to the size of the storage battery, the achievable degree of self-sufficiency and the purchase of external electrical energy are the decisive parameters.