Protocolo de diagnóstico clínico, analítico y de imagen de la insuficiencia cardíaca

The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) is supported by additional blood and imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. A case history and physical examination are essential, observing characteristic signs and symptoms as a consequence of congestion and fluid overload, the cardinal symptom of which is dyspnea. Among the additional tests that must be performed when HF is suspected are an electrocardiogram, blood tests (urea, creatinine, liver function), and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP). In addition, a chest X-ray should be ordered, as it may show pulmonary edema and pleural effusion, while echocardiography is key to evaluating cardiac function and structure, including ejection fraction and possible abnormalities.