Solution-processed organic nanostructure arrays: From nanofabrication to applications

Integrated optoelectronic devices serve as the foundation of modern information technology. Compared to the inorganic materials, the organic nanostructure materials possess the inherent advantages, including spectral tunability, solution processability, excellent mechanical flexibility, and low fabrication costs, demonstrating significant application potential. To realize the high-performance organic electronic devices, it is essential to prepare large-area organic single-crystal arrays with high crystalline and precise alignment. However, solution-processed methods, including solution shearing, inkjet printing, dip-pen lithography, and nanoimprinting lithography, face challenges due to limitations caused by the "coffee-ring" effect, which often leads to disordered mass transfer processes and grain boundary defects. Consequently, the preparation for the organic nanostructure arrays still remains challenging. In this paper, we first review solution-processed fabrication techniques for organic nanostructure arrays, including inkjet printing, dip-pen lithography, nanoimprinting lithography, blade coating, and capillary bridge lithography. Subsequently, we summarize various applications of organic arrays fabricated using these techniques, including photodetectors, solar cells, organic lasers, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and transistors. Finally, we analyze the current development status of organic nanostructure arrays as well as their device applications and provide perspectives on future prospects.