同域物种的进化趋同与分化:以大闪蝶为例。

IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY
Vincent Debat, Manuela López-Villavicencio, Violaine Llaurens
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引用次数: 0

摘要

密切相关的物种是如何在同属关系中相互作用的?这些相互作用是如何影响它们特征的进化和物种多样化的动态的?在这篇综述中,我们展示了最近关于大闪蝶进化的研究如何有助于解决这些问题。我们首先展示了同域物种如何在新热带森林的不同垂直地层中定居,以及这种差异如何在行为(飞行)和形态特征(包括翅膀大小、形状和颜色)上产生级联适应效应。然后,我们将重点放在Morpho属中特殊背部蓝色颜色的进化上。在飞行过程中,蓝色彩虹色会产生明亮的闪光,迷惑捕食者,并可能提高这些蝴蝶的逃跑能力。反过来,捕食者学会了这种显眼的颜色和逃跑能力之间的联系。这种学习有利于局部丰富的色彩模式,促进同域物种的局部收敛。然而,这种紧密的相似性也导致了模仿物种之间的性干扰。“捕捉-标记-再捕捉”数据揭示,模仿物种不会在相同的时间飞行:竞争似乎导致了物种之间飞行活动时间的差异。总的来说,因此,在密切相关的物种中,共情促进了趋同和分化特征的复杂进化,这些特征共同促进了它们的共存。生态物种形成是否参与了这种进化是一个有趣的开放性问题。在基因组水平上,分析显示,与常染色体相比,性染色体Z的进化速度更快,具有广泛的重排和正选择的分子信号:这些数据表明,Z染色体在Morpho的适应性进化中发挥了重要作用,可能在物种形成中也发挥了重要作用。这些不同的、多层次的研究为未来的研究铺平了道路,它们表明大闪蝶不仅仅是盒子里那些华丽的蝴蝶:它们还能告诉我们很多关于进化过程的知识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evolutionary convergences and divergences in sympatric species: Morpho butterflies as a case study.

How do closely related species interact in sympatry? And how do these interactions influence the evolution of their traits and the dynamics of species diversification? In this review, we show how recent research on the evolution of Morpho butterflies contributes to address these questions. We first show how sympatric species have colonized different vertical strata in the neotropical forest and how this divergence has produced cascading adaptive effects on behavioural (flight) but also morphological traits, including wing size, shape and coloration. We then focus on the evolution of peculiar dorsal blue coloration within the genus Morpho. During flight, the blue iridescence produces bright flashes that confuse predators and likely enhance the escape abilities of these butterflies. In turn, predators learn the association between such conspicuous coloration and escaping capacities. Such learning favours the locally abundant colour pattern and promotes the local convergence in sympatric species. However, this tight resemblance also induces sexual interference between mimetic species. Capture-Mark-Recapture data uncovered that mimetic species do not fly at the same hours: competition seems to have driven the divergence in the timing of flight activity between species. Overall, sympatry therefore promotes the intricated evolution of convergent and divergent traits among tightly related species, that jointly facilitate their coexistence. Whether ecological speciation was involved in this evolution is an intriguing open question. At the genomic level, analyses revealed a faster evolution of the sexual chromosome Z as compared to the autosomes, with extensive rearrangements and molecular signals of positive selection: these data thus suggest an important role for the Z chromosome in adaptive evolution in Morpho and possibly in speciation. Paving the way for future research, these various, multilevel studies show that Morpho are not just those showy butterflies in the box: they can also teach us much about evolutionary processes.

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来源期刊
Comptes Rendus Biologies
Comptes Rendus Biologies 生物-生物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Comptes rendus Biologies publish monthly communications dealing with all biological and medical research fields (biological modelling, development and reproduction biology, cell biology, biochemistry, neurosciences, immunology, pharmacology, ecology, etc.). Articles are preferably written in English. Articles in French with an abstract in English are accepted.
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