连接基因组与农业实践:GWAS在作物改良养分利用效率基因挖掘中的应用。

IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Yu Lei Liang, Peng Shuai Yan, Wen Xue Li, Wo Na Ding, Gui Xin Li, Ji Ming Xu, Zhong Jie Ding, Shao Jian Zheng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在全球粮食安全挑战和不可持续农业做法的背景下,提高作物养分利用效率(NUE)已成为实现产量稳定和环境可持续性的关键。传统的育种方法由于遗传分辨率低和等位基因多样性有限,在分析NUE等复杂性状方面存在局限性。这篇综述强调了全基因组关联研究(GWAS)在连接基因组见解与农业创新方面的变革作用。通过利用高通量测序、先进的统计模型和多样化的种质资源,GWAS能够精确识别控制氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和微量营养素利用效率的遗传位点。我们总结了关键基因(如OsTCP19、ZmNLP3.2、GmPHF1、ZmNAC78)的鉴定及其在氮素响应分蘖机制、钾钠互作网络、磷饥饿适应途径或籽粒微量营养素积累中的调控作用。此外,我们讨论了GWAS与多组学技术、表观遗传学和机器学习的整合,以克服假阳性、遗传异质性和基因型-环境相互作用等挑战。这些进步为通过精准育种培育营养高效作物提供了强有力的框架,最终通过优化资源利用和最大限度地减少生态足迹,促进农业的可持续集约化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bridging Genomic Insights to Agricultural Practice: GWAS Applications in Mining Nutrient Utilization Efficiency Genes for Crop Improvement

In the context of global food security challenges and unsustainable agricultural practices, improving crop nutrient use efficiency (NUE) has become pivotal for achieving yield stability and environmental sustainability. Traditional breeding approaches face limitations in dissecting complex traits like NUE due to low genetic resolution and restricted allelic diversity. This review highlights the transformative role of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in bridging genomic insights with agricultural innovation. By leveraging high-throughput sequencing, advanced statistical models, and diverse germplasm resources, GWAS enables precise identification of genetic loci governing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and micronutrient utilization efficiency. We summarize breakthroughs in identification of critical genes (e.g., OsTCP19, ZmNLP3.2, GmPHF1, ZmNAC78) and their regulatory roles in nitrogen-responsive tillering mechanisms, potassium-sodium interaction networks, phosphorus starvation adaptation pathways, or micronutrient accumulation in grains. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of GWAS with multi-omics technologies, epigenetics, and machine learning to overcome challenges such as false positives, genetic heterogeneity, and genotype-environment interactions. These advancements provide a robust framework for developing nutrient-efficient crops through precision breeding, ultimately contributing to sustainable intensification of agriculture by optimizing resource use and minimizing ecological footprints.

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来源期刊
Plant, Cell & Environment
Plant, Cell & Environment 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
4.10%
发文量
253
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: Plant, Cell & Environment is a premier plant science journal, offering valuable insights into plant responses to their environment. Committed to publishing high-quality theoretical and experimental research, the journal covers a broad spectrum of factors, spanning from molecular to community levels. Researchers exploring various aspects of plant biology, physiology, and ecology contribute to the journal's comprehensive understanding of plant-environment interactions.
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